Question 1

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Accepted Answer

A) Pigeons learn only specific stimulus-response relations; chimps can learn general rules. 
B) Trials-unique procedures increase the likelihood of stimulus-response learning in pigeons, but not in chimps. 
C) Pigeons and chimps can learn "same-as rules." 
D) Pigeons often solve delayed matching to sample tasks by orienting their bodies towards the sample stimulus; chimps use general rules. 
A) Pigeons learn only specific stimulus-response relations; chimps can learn general rules. 
B) Trials-unique procedures increase the likelihood of stimulus-response learning in pigeons, but not in chimps. 
C) Pigeons and chimps can learn "same-as rules." 
D) Pigeons often solve delayed matching to sample tasks by orienting their bodies towards the sample stimulus; chimps use general rules.

Question 2

Susan, Debra, and Sally are serving as subjects in a psychology experiment. Each will be taught to ride a bicycle. Susan will be taught by an expert instructor, Debra will be taught by a video demonstration, and Sally will be given a book on bicycles. The amount of time it takes each student to learn to ride will be recorded. This is likely a study of

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval. 
B) retention. 
C) acquisition. 
D) spatial memory. 
A) retrieval. 
B) retention. 
C) acquisition. 
D) spatial memory.

Question 3

Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that have been used to explain efficient performance in this situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that...

Question 4

NR2B is typically found

Accepted Answer

A) as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in adulthood. 
B) as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in juveniles. 
C) as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in adulthood. 
D) as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in juveniles. 
A) as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in adulthood. 
B) as a subunit of NMDA that interferes with LTP in juveniles. 
C) as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in adulthood. 
D) as a subunit of NMDA that promotes LTP in juveniles.

Question 5

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the application of stimulus-response learning to explain complex chains of behavior. 
B) the use of voluntary or conscious reflection to direct behavior. 
C) the use of an internal representation, or model, of some past experience as a basis for behavior. 
D) the use of overt classically or instrumentally conditioned responses to direct behavior. 
A) the application of stimulus-response learning to explain complex chains of behavior. 
B) the use of voluntary or conscious reflection to direct behavior. 
C) the use of an internal representation, or model, of some past experience as a basis for behavior. 
D) the use of overt classically or instrumentally conditioned responses to direct behavior.

Question 6

Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A) consciousness 
B) forgetting 
C) stimulus coding 
D) cognitive maps 
A) consciousness 
B) forgetting 
C) stimulus coding 
D) cognitive maps

Question 7

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia. What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses...

Question 8

Reference memory is

Accepted Answer

A) a store of items held only long enough to complete a given task. 
B) long term retention of information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information. 
C) short (10-25 seconds)term retention of information used for comparisons to items in long-term memory. 
D) defined as memory for items located in space. 
A) a store of items held only long enough to complete a given task. 
B) long term retention of information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information. 
C) short (10-25 seconds)term retention of information used for comparisons to items in long-term memory. 
D) defined as memory for items located in space.

Question 9

Which of the following is a general rule?

Accepted Answer

A) Select red after exposure to red. 
B) Select blue after exposure to yellow. 
C) Select horizontal lines after exposure to vertical lines. 
D) Select a stimulus that is the same as the sample. 
A) Select red after exposure to red. 
B) Select blue after exposure to yellow. 
C) Select horizontal lines after exposure to vertical lines. 
D) Select a stimulus that is the same as the sample.

Question 10

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select

Accepted Answer

A) a test stimulus that is identical to the sample stimulus. 
B) a sample stimulus that is identical to the test stimulus. 
C) a test stimulus that is identical to the start cue. 
D) a sample stimulus that is identical to the start cue. 
A) a test stimulus that is identical to the sample stimulus. 
B) a sample stimulus that is identical to the test stimulus. 
C) a test stimulus that is identical to the start cue. 
D) a sample stimulus that is identical to the start cue.

Question 11

Knockout mice lacking the gene to code for CaKMII demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A) enhanced learning in tasks requiring spatial memory. 
B) impaired learning in tasks requiring spatial memory. 
C) no differences in learning in tasks requiring spatial memory. 
D) CaKMII is not involved in spatial memory 
A) enhanced learning in tasks requiring spatial memory. 
B) impaired learning in tasks requiring spatial memory. 
C) no differences in learning in tasks requiring spatial memory. 
D) CaKMII is not involved in spatial memory

Question 12

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Accepted Answer

A) that the protein products can turn on and off. 
B) that the mice may not develop normally and therefore their brains may be different in a variety of ways. 
C) that doxycycline added to their food can turn off gene expression. 
D) that tTa added to their food can turn off gene expression. 
A) that the protein products can turn on and off. 
B) that the mice may not develop normally and therefore their brains may be different in a variety of ways. 
C) that doxycycline added to their food can turn off gene expression. 
D) that tTa added to their food can turn off gene expression.

Question 13

Describe three ways current techniques in genetics are contributing to our understanding of learning and behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three ways current techniques in genetics...

Question 14

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Accepted Answer

A) retention failure. 
B) general memory loss. 
C) loss of information from short-term memory 
D) altered coding of relatively recent memories. 
A) retention failure. 
B) general memory loss. 
C) loss of information from short-term memory 
D) altered coding of relatively recent memories.

Question 15

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and...

Question 16

Monkeys are presented with a series of stimuli in a delayed matching to sample task. First a white light signals the start of the trial. Then a green light is presented, followed by the red sample light, a delay, and then the test stimuli of a green light and a red light. This experiment is designed to explore

Accepted Answer

A) proactive interference. 
B) reference memory coding. 
C) retroactive interference. 
D) retrograde amnesia. 
A) proactive interference. 
B) reference memory coding. 
C) retroactive interference. 
D) retrograde amnesia.

Question 17

Compare the learning of a general rule to the learning of specific rules. Under what circumstances will general rules be learned? What causes specific rules to be learned?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the learning of a general rule...

Question 18

Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?

Accepted Answer

A) odor cues 
B) the presence or absence of food 
C) a fixed sequence of responses 
D) visual cues in the testing room 
A) odor cues 
B) the presence or absence of food 
C) a fixed sequence of responses 
D) visual cues in the testing room

Question 19

Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions. 
B) instrumental conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions. 
C) discriminative stimulus mechanisms are used to describe behavior. 
D) S-R mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions. 
A) classical conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions. 
B) instrumental conditioning mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions. 
C) discriminative stimulus mechanisms are used to describe behavior. 
D) S-R mechanisms are not sufficient to account for actions.

Question 20

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Accepted Answer

A) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
B) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories. 
C) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
D) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss. 
A) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
B) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories. 
C) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
D) the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss.

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that have been used to explain efficient performance in this situation.

NR2B is typically found

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia. What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Reference memory is

Which of the following is a general rule?

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select

Knockout mice lacking the gene to code for CaKMII demonstrate

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Describe three ways current techniques in genetics are contributing to our understanding of learning and behavior.

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Compare the learning of a general rule to the learning of specific rules. Under what circumstances will general rules be learned? What causes specific rules to be learned?

Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?

Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition II

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Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I

Which of the following is true of delayed matching to sample tasks?

Describe spatial learning tasks and mechanisms that have been used to explain efficient performance in this situation.

NR2B is typically found

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Of the following behaviors, which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia. What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Reference memory is

Which of the following is a general rule?

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task, an organism must select

Knockout mice lacking the gene to code for CaKMII demonstrate

A problem identified in the interpretation of data from studies with knockout mice is

Describe three ways current techniques in genetics are contributing to our understanding of learning and behavior.

The retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia suggests that amnesia results from

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Compare the learning of a general rule to the learning of specific rules. Under what circumstances will general rules be learned? What causes specific rules to be learned?

Which of the following has been determined to most influence the behavior of rats in a radial arm maze?

Cognitive mechanisms are used to explain animal behaviors when

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition II

Filters