Question 1

The reason researchers prefer to do experiments whenever possible is that experiments

Accepted Answer

A)  show how variables are related. 
B)  provide detailed descriptions of behavior. 
C)  demonstrate that one thing causes another. 
D)  demonstrate formal operational thought. 
A)  show how variables are related. 
B)  provide detailed descriptions of behavior. 
C)  demonstrate that one thing causes another. 
D)  demonstrate formal operational thought.

Question 2

Calvin Murphy is on a swim team. When his parents take him to out-of-town swim meets, they try to visit the local museums and historical sites. This might affect his achievement because of

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognitive growth. 
B)  cultural mismatch. 
C)  cultural capital. 
D)  authoritative parenting. 
A)  metacognitive growth. 
B)  cultural mismatch. 
C)  cultural capital. 
D)  authoritative parenting.

Question 3

Which is more important, nature or nurture?

Accepted Answer

Neither is more important. The

Question 4

A researcher randomly assigns 50 students to two groups of 25. Group 1 is given computers and educational software to take home and use, while Group 2 is given educational workbooks to take home. Two months later, the researcher gives each group standardized achievement tests. What is the research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  non-experimental correlational 
B)  qualitative 
C)  experimental 
D)  clinical 
A)  non-experimental correlational 
B)  qualitative 
C)  experimental 
D)  clinical

Question 5

A heritability estimate for having 10 fingers would likely be about

Accepted Answer

A)  zero. 
B)  .25. 
C)  .50. 
D)  .75. 
A)  zero. 
B)  .25. 
C)  .50. 
D)  .75.

Question 6

If you want to investigate how a small number of 10-year-olds think and feel about divorce and you want to report the results in the children's own words, which of the following research approaches would you most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  experimental 
C)  qualitative 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  experimental 
C)  qualitative 
D)  longitudinal

Question 7

A probable reason why the Abecedarian Project had stronger positive effects than Head Start is that it had

Accepted Answer

A)  many years as a federally-funded project, which gave time for improvement. 
B)  an intensive design with many hours of intervention combined with home visits. 
C)  a curriculum that emphasized standardized tests. 
D)  more teachers of color involved. 
A)  many years as a federally-funded project, which gave time for improvement. 
B)  an intensive design with many hours of intervention combined with home visits. 
C)  a curriculum that emphasized standardized tests. 
D)  more teachers of color involved.

Question 8

Cultural capital refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge that helps a child "get ahead". 
B)  money that a family earns. 
C)  the city that is the cultural center of a region. 
D)  knowledge of facts that might be considered trivia. 
A)  knowledge that helps a child "get ahead". 
B)  money that a family earns. 
C)  the city that is the cultural center of a region. 
D)  knowledge of facts that might be considered trivia.

Question 9

A researcher wants to find out whether increased hand washing causes a decreased number of illnesses among staff and children in child care. Which research design should the researcher use?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational 
B)  non-experimental correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  behavioral 
A)  observational 
B)  non-experimental correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  behavioral

Question 10

Compared to control groups, longitudinal studies of the effectiveness of Head Start have shown that Head Start students

Accepted Answer

A)  showed more learning disabilities. 
B)  showed modest academic gains. 
C)  showed large academic gains. 
D)  had lowered occupational aspirations while in high school. 
A)  showed more learning disabilities. 
B)  showed modest academic gains. 
C)  showed large academic gains. 
D)  had lowered occupational aspirations while in high school.

Question 11

A key risk factor for youth is

Accepted Answer

A)  mother employment. 
B)  lack of access to television. 
C)  religious involvement. 
D)  maternal depression. 
A)  mother employment. 
B)  lack of access to television. 
C)  religious involvement. 
D)  maternal depression.

Question 12

Which of the following refers to observable characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype 
B)  phenotype 
C)  passive gene-environment correlation 
D)  heritability 
A)  genotype 
B)  phenotype 
C)  passive gene-environment correlation 
D)  heritability

Question 13

One explanation for the negative effects of poverty is that families in poverty experience conditions that can lead to depression, marital conflict, and other problems, which then lead to diminished quality of parenting. Which model does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  family investment model 
B)  de-identification model 
C)  family stress model 
D)  heritability model 
A)  family investment model 
B)  de-identification model 
C)  family stress model 
D)  heritability model

Question 14

When choosing a curriculum or intervention program, you would prefer an effect size of at least

Accepted Answer

A)  0.05. 
B)  0.15. 
C)  0.24. 
D)  0.40. 
A)  0.05. 
B)  0.15. 
C)  0.24. 
D)  0.40.

Question 15

In Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the most influential processes tend to occur in the

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem. 
A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem.

Question 16

In Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, processes that occur in the microsystem are likely to involve

Accepted Answer

A)  face-to-face activity. 
B)  issues of social and cultural values. 
C)  people who make important decisions, like school boards and government officials. 
D)  change across time. 
A)  face-to-face activity. 
B)  issues of social and cultural values. 
C)  people who make important decisions, like school boards and government officials. 
D)  change across time.

Question 17

The plot shown below most likely represents a correlation of about

Accepted Answer

A)  +1.00. 
B)  +0.80. 
C)  0.00. 
D)  - 0.80. 
A)  +1.00. 
B)  +0.80. 
C)  0.00. 
D)  - 0.80.

Question 18

A test that measures what it claims to measure for some specific purpose is a test that has

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental design 
B)  effect size 
C)  random assignment 
D)  validity 
A)  experimental design 
B)  effect size 
C)  random assignment 
D)  validity

Question 19

Experts find a strong relationship between reading test scores and math test scores. Students who are high on one tend to be high on the other. This correlation would best be represented by which of the following correlation coefficients?

Accepted Answer

A)  + .60 
B)  + .10 
C)  - .10 
D)  - .60 
A)  + .60 
B)  + .10 
C)  - .10 
D)  - .60

Question 20

Which theory emphasizes the notion that humans are influenced by concentric circles of influence, from immediate influences to distant influences?

Accepted Answer

Bioecologi

The reason researchers prefer to do experiments whenever possible is that experiments

Calvin Murphy is on a swim team. When his parents take him to out-of-town swim meets, they try to visit the local museums and historical sites. This might affect his achievement because of

Which is more important, nature or nurture?

A heritability estimate for having 10 fingers would likely be about

If you want to investigate how a small number of 10-year-olds think and feel about divorce and you want to report the results in the children's own words, which of the following research approaches would you most likely use?

A probable reason why the Abecedarian Project had stronger positive effects than Head Start is that it had

Cultural capital refers to

A researcher wants to find out whether increased hand washing causes a decreased number of illnesses among staff and children in child care. Which research design should the researcher use?

Compared to control groups, longitudinal studies of the effectiveness of Head Start have shown that Head Start students

A key risk factor for youth is

Which of the following refers to observable characteristics?

One explanation for the negative effects of poverty is that families in poverty experience conditions that can lead to depression, marital conflict, and other problems, which then lead to diminished quality of parenting. Which model does this represent?

When choosing a curriculum or intervention program, you would prefer an effect size of at least

In Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the most influential processes tend to occur in the

In Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, processes that occur in the microsystem are likely to involve

The plot shown below most likely represents a correlation of about

A test that measures what it claims to measure for some specific purpose is a test that has

Experts find a strong relationship between reading test scores and math test scores. Students who are high on one tend to be high on the other. This correlation would best be represented by which of the following correlation coefficients?

Which theory emphasizes the notion that humans are influenced by concentric circles of influence, from immediate influences to distant influences?

Physical Development and Health

Classic Theories of Learning and Cognition

Information Processing, Memory, and Problem Solving

Cognitive Ability: Intelligence, Talent, and Achievement

Attachment and Personality

Self-Control and Discipline

Emotional Development

Social Cognition

Social Behavior

Peers, Friends, and Play

Language and Literacy

The Self-System and Motivation

The Child in Context: Family Structure, Child Care, and Media

Filters

Exam 1: Ways of Thinking About Children

The reason researchers prefer to do experiments whenever possible is that experiments

Calvin Murphy is on a swim team. When his parents take him to out-of-town swim meets, they try to visit the local museums and historical sites. This might affect his achievement because of

Which is more important, nature or nurture?

A heritability estimate for having 10 fingers would likely be about

If you want to investigate how a small number of 10-year-olds think and feel about divorce and you want to report the results in the children's own words, which of the following research approaches would you most likely use?

A probable reason why the Abecedarian Project had stronger positive effects than Head Start is that it had

Cultural capital refers to

A researcher wants to find out whether increased hand washing causes a decreased number of illnesses among staff and children in child care. Which research design should the researcher use?

Compared to control groups, longitudinal studies of the effectiveness of Head Start have shown that Head Start students

A key risk factor for youth is

Which of the following refers to observable characteristics?

One explanation for the negative effects of poverty is that families in poverty experience conditions that can lead to depression, marital conflict, and other problems, which then lead to diminished quality of parenting. Which model does this represent?

When choosing a curriculum or intervention program, you would prefer an effect size of at least

In Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, the most influential processes tend to occur in the

In Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model, processes that occur in the microsystem are likely to involve

The plot shown below most likely represents a correlation of about

A test that measures what it claims to measure for some specific purpose is a test that has

Experts find a strong relationship between reading test scores and math test scores. Students who are high on one tend to be high on the other. This correlation would best be represented by which of the following correlation coefficients?

Which theory emphasizes the notion that humans are influenced by concentric circles of influence, from immediate influences to distant influences?

Physical Development and Health

Classic Theories of Learning and Cognition

Information Processing, Memory, and Problem Solving

Cognitive Ability: Intelligence, Talent, and Achievement

Attachment and Personality

Self-Control and Discipline

Emotional Development

Social Cognition

Social Behavior

Peers, Friends, and Play

Language and Literacy

The Self-System and Motivation

The Child in Context: Family Structure, Child Care, and Media

Filters