Exam 2: Traumatic Brain Injury

____ hemorrhage, also called intraparenchymal bleeding, is bleeding that occurs within the brain's soft tissues.

A ____ brain injury is defined as damage secondary to extracranial etiology that impairs brain function.

The ____ effect occurs when pressure builds up in one compartment of the brain, due to an expanding hematoma or other space-occupying lesion, and that compartment compresses the other compartments.

Pupillary reaction is a function of the third cranial nerve.

Following the mental status exam, the pupils should be examined for the "three S's": size, shape, and ____.

Around ____ of patients with a cerebral contusion experience loss of consciousness.

The signs and symptoms associated with a concussion include a loss of consciousness, especially if it is a witnessed loss of consciousness of greater than ____.

A ____ is an extracerebral hemorrhage of the small corticomeningeal blood vessels within the arachnoid space.

A(n) ____ is a rapidly expanding collection of blood into an organized clot that exerts downward pressure onto the cerebral cortex and increases intracranial pressure in the process.

During events causing cerebral contusion, the brain often rebounds, causing the opposite brain surface to strike the inner surface of the skull, causing a ____ injury.

A(n) ____ herniation is herniation of the brain through an open fracture.

Experts agree that loss of consciousness should be the clinical marker for a concussion.

____ is demonstrated by adduct of the shoulders, as the shoulders rotate internally with slight flexion while the forearms pronate and wrist and fingers flex.

The rapid trauma examination is performed toe-to-head.

Intracranial bleeding above the dura mater creates a(n) ____.