Question 1

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 natural rights

Accepted Answer

Natural rights are rights that are belie

Question 2

That "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" was the stirring pronouncement of

Accepted Answer

A)  Rousseau. 
B)  Locke. 
C)  Diderot. 
D)  Jefferson. 
E)  Beccaria. 
A)  Rousseau. 
B)  Locke. 
C)  Diderot. 
D)  Jefferson. 
E)  Beccaria.

Question 3

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 epistemology

Accepted Answer

Epistemology

Who?
Epistemology is a bra

Question 4

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Freemasons

Accepted Answer

Freemasons are members of a fraternal or

Question 5

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Hobbes. 
B)  Locke. 
C)  Montesquieu. 
D)  Rousseau. 
E)  Leszczy   
A)  Hobbes. 
B)  Locke. 
C)  Montesquieu. 
D)  Rousseau. 
E)  Leszczy

Question 6

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. 
 Discuss why capitalists could find a champion in Adam Smith. Would Adam Smith have wanted to be such a champion? Can some issues that interested Adam Smith have a relationship to contemporary ones?

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith, often referred to as the fat

Question 7

Enlightenment philosophes

Accepted Answer

A)  advocated the abolition of slavery. 
B)  had mixed attitudes towards slavery. 
C)  believed that slavery was a necessary evil. 
D)  thought slavery was not a pressing problem. 
E)  coupled slavery with the institution of private property. 
A)  advocated the abolition of slavery. 
B)  had mixed attitudes towards slavery. 
C)  believed that slavery was a necessary evil. 
D)  thought slavery was not a pressing problem. 
E)  coupled slavery with the institution of private property.

Question 8

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority. 
B)  each individual should reason independently. 
C)  education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order. 
D)  there was no conflict between reason and faith. 
E)  a person should be enlightened by an "inner light." 
A)  individuals must conform to knowledge presented by authority. 
B)  each individual should reason independently. 
C)  education and critical thought were indispensable for the overthrow of the aristocratic order. 
D)  there was no conflict between reason and faith. 
E)  a person should be enlightened by an "inner light."

Question 9

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. 
 Which institutions and individuals were most threatened by the principles and practices of the Enlightenment, and why were they challenged by the new ideas?

Accepted Answer

The principles and practices of the Enli

Question 10

In relation to religion, philosophes

Accepted Answer

A)  often argued that Church doctrines were illogical and irrelevant. 
B)  launched the first attack on Christianity conducted by the educated. 
C)  condemned religious fanaticism that has led to so much bloodshed. 
D)  criticized the Church's otherworldliness for acting as a barrier to social improvement and justice. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  often argued that Church doctrines were illogical and irrelevant. 
B)  launched the first attack on Christianity conducted by the educated. 
C)  condemned religious fanaticism that has led to so much bloodshed. 
D)  criticized the Church's otherworldliness for acting as a barrier to social improvement and justice. 
E)  all of the above

Question 11

The imposters referred to in The Treatise of the Three Imposters are

Accepted Answer

A)  Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin. 
B)  Bacon, Descartes, and Newton. 
C)  Machiavelli, Spinoza, and Hobbes. 
D)  the kings of England, France, and Spain. 
E)  Jesus, Moses, and Muhammad. 
A)  Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin. 
B)  Bacon, Descartes, and Newton. 
C)  Machiavelli, Spinoza, and Hobbes. 
D)  the kings of England, France, and Spain. 
E)  Jesus, Moses, and Muhammad.

Question 12

The success of the philosophes was the result of all of the above

Accepted Answer

A)  the growing literacy of urban men and women. 
B)  a new prosperity that made books affordable. 
C)  an atmosphere of sociability where new ideas were discussed. 
D)  the resentment of the reading population against traditional privileges. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  the growing literacy of urban men and women. 
B)  a new prosperity that made books affordable. 
C)  an atmosphere of sociability where new ideas were discussed. 
D)  the resentment of the reading population against traditional privileges. 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

The most powerful conflict between Austria and Prussia in the eighteenth century was over

Accepted Answer

A)  religion; Austria was Catholic and Prussia Protestant. 
B)  the Prussian seizure of Silesia. 
C)  unification of the Holy Roman Empire. 
D)  the potential division of the Ottoman Empire. 
E)  Austrian claims to northern Italy. 
A)  religion; Austria was Catholic and Prussia Protestant. 
B)  the Prussian seizure of Silesia. 
C)  unification of the Holy Roman Empire. 
D)  the potential division of the Ottoman Empire. 
E)  Austrian claims to northern Italy.

Question 14

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

Locate and label three of the states said to be practitioners of enlightened despotism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please use this outline map of...

Question 15

The center of the Enlightenment was

Accepted Answer

A)  Amsterdam. 
B)  London. 
C)  Paris. 
D)  Berlin. 
E)  Budapest. 
A)  Amsterdam. 
B)  London. 
C)  Paris. 
D)  Berlin. 
E)  Budapest.

Question 16

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 tabula rasa

Accepted Answer

Tabula Rasa

Who?
The concept of "tabula

Question 17

Thomas Hobbes appealed to Enlightenment thinkers by his

Accepted Answer

A)  concept of a state of nature superseded by a social contract. 
B)  belief that self-interest is not a valid reason for political activity. 
C)  support for the absolute power of the state. 
D)  view that human nature is greedy and warlike. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  concept of a state of nature superseded by a social contract. 
B)  belief that self-interest is not a valid reason for political activity. 
C)  support for the absolute power of the state. 
D)  view that human nature is greedy and warlike. 
E)  all of the above

Question 18

All of the following are identified in the text as venues  for the production and sharing of Enlightenment ideas EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  coffee houses. 
B)  Masonic lodges. 
C)  scientific academies. 
D)  salons. 
E)  Catholic monasteries and cathedrals. 
A)  coffee houses. 
B)  Masonic lodges. 
C)  scientific academies. 
D)  salons. 
E)  Catholic monasteries and cathedrals.

Question 19

Pierre Bayle's skepticism

Accepted Answer

A)  aimed at undermining the Newtonian synthesis. 
B)  became the guiding principle behind the Encyclopédia . 
C)  dealt a serious blow to revealed religion and pointed in the direction of natural religion. 
D)  led to his expulsion from France and execution in Geneva. 
E)  gained the support of a number of Calvinist clergymen. 
A)  aimed at undermining the Newtonian synthesis. 
B)  became the guiding principle behind the Encyclopédia . 
C)  dealt a serious blow to revealed religion and pointed in the direction of natural religion. 
D)  led to his expulsion from France and execution in Geneva. 
E)  gained the support of a number of Calvinist clergymen.

Question 20

England drove the French from North America as part of which conflict?

Accepted Answer

A)  t he War of Spanish Succession 
B)  t he Seven Years' War 
C)  t he War of Polish Succession 
D)  t he Great Northern War 
E)  t he War of Austrian Succession 
A)  t he War of Spanish Succession 
B)  t he Seven Years' War 
C)  t he War of Polish Succession 
D)  t he Great Northern War 
E)  t he War of Austrian Succession

Exam 18: The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? natural rights

That "Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains" was the stirring pronouncement of

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? epistemology

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Freemasons

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Discuss why capitalists could find a champion in Adam Smith. Would Adam Smith have wanted to be such a champion? Can some issues that interested Adam Smith have a relationship to contemporary ones?

Enlightenment philosophes

Immanuel Kant insisted that

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which institutions and individuals were most threatened by the principles and practices of the Enlightenment, and why were they challenged by the new ideas?

In relation to religion, philosophes

The imposters referred to in The Treatise of the Three Imposters are

The success of the philosophes was the result of all of the above

The most powerful conflict between Austria and Prussia in the eighteenth century was over

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s). Locate and label three of the states said to be practitioners of enlightened despotism.

The center of the Enlightenment was

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? tabula rasa

Thomas Hobbes appealed to Enlightenment thinkers by his

All of the following are identified in the text as venues for the production and sharing of Enlightenment ideas EXCEPT

Pierre Bayle's skepticism

England drove the French from North America as part of which conflict?

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War Ii Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War Ii Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

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