Question 1

After Bayle's Dictionary, t he first successful encyclopedia was published by

Accepted Answer

A)  Denis Diderot. 
B)  Ephraim Chambers. 
C)  Chevalier Ramsay. 
D)  Jean d'Alembert. 
E)  Voltaire. 
A)  Denis Diderot. 
B)  Ephraim Chambers. 
C)  Chevalier Ramsay. 
D)  Jean d'Alembert. 
E)  Voltaire.

Question 2

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 socialist

Accepted Answer

Socialist

Who?
A socialist is a person

Question 3

All of the following accurately describe Mary Wollstonecraft EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  she made a living as a translator. 
B)  she traveled to France during the Revolution. 
C)  she was one of the founders of modern feminism. 
D)  she received a formal education under the tutelage of professors at Oxford. 
E)  she knew British-born American radical Thomas Paine. 
A)  she made a living as a translator. 
B)  she traveled to France during the Revolution. 
C)  she was one of the founders of modern feminism. 
D)  she received a formal education under the tutelage of professors at Oxford. 
E)  she knew British-born American radical Thomas Paine.

Question 4

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 civil society

Accepted Answer

Civil society refers to the community of

Question 5

In general the philosophes attacked all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the clergy. 
B)  slavery. 
C)  the scholastic learning of the universities. 
D)  secularism. 
E)  slavery 
A)  the clergy. 
B)  slavery. 
C)  the scholastic learning of the universities. 
D)  secularism. 
E)  slavery

Question 6

John Locke's ideal form of government can best be described as a

Accepted Answer

A)  constitutional state based on the consent of the governed and respectful of each person's natural rights except for Catholics and atheists. 
B)  absolute monarchy guided by the principles of the Enlightenment. 
C)  constitutional state based on the consent of the governed and respectful of everyone's natural rights. 
D)  divine right monarchy. 
E)  constitutional state guided by the general will defined as the consensus of well-informed citizens. 
A)  constitutional state based on the consent of the governed and respectful of each person's natural rights except for Catholics and atheists. 
B)  absolute monarchy guided by the principles of the Enlightenment. 
C)  constitutional state based on the consent of the governed and respectful of everyone's natural rights. 
D)  divine right monarchy. 
E)  constitutional state guided by the general will defined as the consensus of well-informed citizens.

Question 7

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. 
 What factors shaped eighteenth-century European diplomacy? How did new goals and powers change the traditional rivalries and distribution of power, both in Europe and in other areas of the globe?

Accepted Answer

The eighteenth century was a period of s

Question 8

All of the following were true of Austria EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a dynamic, innovative central administration. 
B)  a concentration on its eastern non-German territories. 
C)  consolidated control of the German parts of the Holy Roman Empire. 
D)  acquisition of the southern Netherlands, later called Belgium. 
E)  a progressive mother-son imperial partnership. 
A)  a dynamic, innovative central administration. 
B)  a concentration on its eastern non-German territories. 
C)  consolidated control of the German parts of the Holy Roman Empire. 
D)  acquisition of the southern Netherlands, later called Belgium. 
E)  a progressive mother-son imperial partnership.

Question 9

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. 
 What is the difference between skepticism and freethinking? Provide examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Skepticism and freethinking are both phi

Question 10

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

Accepted Answer

A)  traditional philosophers who opposed new ideas. 
B)  particularly those clergymen whose duty it was to protect the faith from philosophical wrangling. 
C)  leaders of Enlightenment thought who supported tolerance, rationality, and freedom. 
D)  the university professors who debated issues of the Enlightenment. 
E)  the modern equivalent of ancient sophists. 
A)  traditional philosophers who opposed new ideas. 
B)  particularly those clergymen whose duty it was to protect the faith from philosophical wrangling. 
C)  leaders of Enlightenment thought who supported tolerance, rationality, and freedom. 
D)  the university professors who debated issues of the Enlightenment. 
E)  the modern equivalent of ancient sophists.

Question 11

According to David Hume

Accepted Answer

A)  the universe does not prove God's existence. 
B)  all religion results from human fears and superstitions. 
C)  the order apparent in the universe may be more in a person's mind than in reality. 
D)  religion is a social convention. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  the universe does not prove God's existence. 
B)  all religion results from human fears and superstitions. 
C)  the order apparent in the universe may be more in a person's mind than in reality. 
D)  religion is a social convention. 
E)  all of the above

Question 12

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  the expulsion of students from the Oxford University for unorthodox ideas. 
B)  imprisonment of heretics in the Dutch Republic. 
C)  forced conversion, imprisonment, or exile for French Protestants. 
D)  forcible baptism of Jewish children in the Papal States. 
E)  increased censorship of scientific materials throughout Europe. 
A)  the expulsion of students from the Oxford University for unorthodox ideas. 
B)  imprisonment of heretics in the Dutch Republic. 
C)  forced conversion, imprisonment, or exile for French Protestants. 
D)  forcible baptism of Jewish children in the Papal States. 
E)  increased censorship of scientific materials throughout Europe.

Question 13

In Émile , Rousseau recommended

Accepted Answer

A)  that children receive a rigorous education in the sciences. 
B)  a solid background in the classics as essential for a modern education. 
C)  that intellectual and moral instruction should come after the development of the senses. 
D)  a state-run education system to rid society of superstition and ignorance. 
E)  an education provided in the home under the guidance of the clergy. 
A)  that children receive a rigorous education in the sciences. 
B)  a solid background in the classics as essential for a modern education. 
C)  that intellectual and moral instruction should come after the development of the senses. 
D)  a state-run education system to rid society of superstition and ignorance. 
E)  an education provided in the home under the guidance of the clergy.

Question 14

The term freethinking , as applied to individuals in the eighteenth century, suggested

Accepted Answer

A)  their readiness to criticize church dogmas. 
B)  willingness to move to political action. 
C)  their clubs would not be confined to one topic. 
D)  their thoughts would not be stifled by a monarch. 
E)  unstructured reflection. 
A)  their readiness to criticize church dogmas. 
B)  willingness to move to political action. 
C)  their clubs would not be confined to one topic. 
D)  their thoughts would not be stifled by a monarch. 
E)  unstructured reflection.

Question 15

Enlightenment thinkers of which country took the lead in attacking slavery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Britain 
B)  Spain 
C)  France 
D)  the Dutch Republic 
E)  the Papal States 
A)  Britain 
B)  Spain 
C)  France 
D)  the Dutch Republic 
E)  the Papal States

Question 16

The text  states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

Accepted Answer

A)  return society to the freedoms of ancient Athenian democracy. 
B)  restructure society according the Christian humanist principles. 
C)  impose an ordered freedom on social and political institutions. 
D)  enlighten society through the universal education of both sexes. 
E)  overthrow unenlightened political systems through revolutions, violent if need be. 
A)  return society to the freedoms of ancient Athenian democracy. 
B)  restructure society according the Christian humanist principles. 
C)  impose an ordered freedom on social and political institutions. 
D)  enlighten society through the universal education of both sexes. 
E)  overthrow unenlightened political systems through revolutions, violent if need be.

Question 17

Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant lived in

Accepted Answer

A)  Austria. 
B)  Russia. 
C)  France. 
D)  Prussia. 
E)  Italy. 
A)  Austria. 
B)  Russia. 
C)  France. 
D)  Prussia. 
E)  Italy.

Question 18

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 salons

Accepted Answer

Salons were gatherings of intellectuals,

Question 19

Key Terms 
 Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 deism

Accepted Answer

Deism is a philosophical belief that pos

Question 20

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s).

Locate and label the areas belonging to  the following colonial empires in 1750: Spanish, Dutch, French, and British.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Please use this outline map of...

Exam 18: The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

After Bayle's Dictionary, t he first successful encyclopedia was published by

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? socialist

All of the following accurately describe Mary Wollstonecraft EXCEPT

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? civil society

In general the philosophes attacked all of the following EXCEPT

John Locke's ideal form of government can best be described as a

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What factors shaped eighteenth-century European diplomacy? How did new goals and powers change the traditional rivalries and distribution of power, both in Europe and in other areas of the globe?

All of the following were true of Austria EXCEPT

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What is the difference between skepticism and freethinking? Provide examples of each.

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

According to David Hume

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 resulted in

In Émile , Rousseau recommended

The term freethinking , as applied to individuals in the eighteenth century, suggested

Enlightenment thinkers of which country took the lead in attacking slavery?

The text states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant lived in

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? salons

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? deism

Instructions: Please use this outline map of the world to answer the question(s). Locate and label the areas belonging to the following colonial empires in 1750: Spanish, Dutch, French, and British.

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War Ii Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War Ii Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

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