Question 1

If H 0 is in reality false and it is legitimate to use a directional H 1, which of the following will yield a more powerful test?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-tailed alternative hypothesis 
B)  two-tailed alternative hypothesis 
C)  one-tailed or two-tailed alternative hypothesis will yield the same power 
D)  type of alternative hypothesis has no effect on power 
A)  one-tailed alternative hypothesis 
B)  two-tailed alternative hypothesis 
C)  one-tailed or two-tailed alternative hypothesis will yield the same power 
D)  type of alternative hypothesis has no effect on power

Question 2

Give two definitions of power.

Accepted Answer

Power can be defined in various contexts

Question 3

You are considering testing a new drug that is supposed to facilitate learning in mentally retarded children. Because there is relatively little known about the drug, you plan to use a nondirectional alternative hypothesis. Since your resources are limited, you can test only 15 subjects. The subjects will be run in a repeated measures design and the data will be analyzed with the sign test, using a = 0.052 tail. If the drug has a medium effect on learning such that P real = 0.70, what is the probability you will detect the effect when doing your experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2968 
B)  0.0176 
C)  0.2969 
D)  0.0352 
A)  0.2968 
B)  0.0176 
C)  0.2969 
D)  0.0352

Question 4

If the independent variable has a real effect, the probability of rejecting H 0 is _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  power 
B)  1 - power 
C)  alpha 
D)  beta 
A)  power 
B)  1 - power 
C)  alpha 
D)  beta

Question 5

It is impossible to ever prove that H 0 is true because _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the power to detect very weak but real effects of the independent variable is always low 
B)  chance is a vague concept 
C)  very strong real effects of the independent variable swamp out chance 
D)  power decreases as N decreases 
A)  the power to detect very weak but real effects of the independent variable is always low 
B)  chance is a vague concept 
C)  very strong real effects of the independent variable swamp out chance 
D)  power decreases as N decreases

Question 6

In general, does alpha + beta equal 1? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The statement "alpha + beta equals 1" is

Question 7

High power is desirable in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The higher the power, _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the larger is P real 
B)  the larger the N of the experiment 
C)  the more the experiment allows H 0 to be rejected if it is false 
D)  the more likely H 0 is to be rejected whether H 0 is true or false 
E)  the larger is P real and the larger the N of the experiment 
A)  the larger is P real 
B)  the larger the N of the experiment 
C)  the more the experiment allows H 0 to be rejected if it is false 
D)  the more likely H 0 is to be rejected whether H 0 is true or false 
E)  the larger is P real and the larger the N of the experiment

Question 9

If H 0 is true, power is the probability of not making a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

With alpha and the effect of the independent variable held constant, as N increases _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  power increases 
B)  the probability of a Type I error increases 
C)  the probability of a Type II error increases 
D)  power decreases 
A)  power increases 
B)  the probability of a Type I error increases 
C)  the probability of a Type II error increases 
D)  power decreases

Question 11

If the independent variable is more powerful in experiment A than in experiment B, there is a higher probability of rejecting H 0 in A than in B if, in fact, H 0 is false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Define P null.

Accepted Answer

The input "P _null" appears to be a string of

Question 13

Increasing N increases the probability of a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Assume that you have conducted an experiment and the tail probability for the results you obtained was 0.0900 and a = 0.05. You can conclude _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable has no effect 
B)  the independent variable has a small effect 
C)  you were unable to detect an effect of the independent variable with your experiment 
D)  the null hypothesis is false 
A)  the independent variable has no effect 
B)  the independent variable has a small effect 
C)  you were unable to detect an effect of the independent variable with your experiment 
D)  the null hypothesis is false

Question 15

You are considering testing a new drug that is supposed to facilitate learning in mentally retarded children. Because there is relatively little known about the drug, you plan to use a nondirectional alternative hypothesis. Since your resources are limited, you can test only 15 subjects. The subjects will be run in a repeated measures design and the data will be analyzed with the sign test, using

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are considering testing a new drug...

Question 16

If in reality H 0 is true, then designing a very powerful experiment (without changing alpha) will allow us to reject H 0 more readily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

"Nonsignificant results" means _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  H 0 was unable to be rejected 
B)  the power of the experiment was too low 
C)  H 1 was wrong 
D)  H 0 was unable to be rejected and the power of the experiment was too low 
A)  H 0 was unable to be rejected 
B)  the power of the experiment was too low 
C)  H 1 was wrong 
D)  H 0 was unable to be rejected and the power of the experiment was too low

Question 18

Which of the following P values represents the strongest effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  P null = 0.50 
B)  P real = 0.70 
C)  P real = 0.80 
D)  P real = 0. 
A)  P null = 0.50 
B)  P real = 0.70 
C)  P real = 0.80 
D)  P real = 0.

Question 19

The power of an experiment is affected by _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the alpha level 
B)  the sample size 
C)  the size of effect of the independent variable 
D)  all of these 
A)  the alpha level 
B)  the sample size 
C)  the size of effect of the independent variable 
D)  all of these

Question 20

Which of the following values of P represents the largest effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  P real = 0.20 
B)  P real = 0.70 
C)  P real = 0.75 
D)  P null = 0.50 
A)  P real = 0.20 
B)  P real = 0.70 
C)  P real = 0.75 
D)  P null = 0.50

If H ₀ is in reality false and it is legitimate to use a directional H ₁, which of the following will yield a more powerful test?

Give two definitions of power.

If the independent variable has a real effect, the probability of rejecting H ₀ is _________.

It is impossible to ever prove that H ₀ is true because _________.

In general, does alpha + beta equal 1? Explain.

High power is desirable in an experiment.

The higher the power, _________.

If H ₀ is true, power is the probability of not making a Type II error.

With alpha and the effect of the independent variable held constant, as N increases _________.

If the independent variable is more powerful in experiment A than in experiment B, there is a higher probability of rejecting H ₀ in A than in B if, in fact, H ₀ is false.

Define P _null.

Increasing N increases the probability of a Type II error.

Assume that you have conducted an experiment and the tail probability for the results you obtained was 0.0900 and a = 0.05. You can conclude _________.

If in reality H ₀ is true, then designing a very powerful experiment (without changing alpha) will allow us to reject H ₀ more readily.

"Nonsignificant results" means _________.

Which of the following P values represents the strongest effect?

The power of an experiment is affected by _________.

Which of the following values of P represents the largest effect?

Statistics and Scientific Method

Basic Mathematical and Measurement Concepts

Frequency Distributions

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability

The Normal Curve and Standard Scores

Correlation

Linear Regression

Random Sampling and Probability

Binomial Distribution

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Using the Sign Test

Sampling Distributions, Sampling Distribution of the Mean: the Normal Deviate Z Test

Students T Test for Single Samples

Students T Test for Correlated and Independent Groups

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Introduction to the Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Tests

Filters

Exam 11: Power

If H 0 is in reality false and it is legitimate to use a directional H 1, which of the following will yield a more powerful test?

Give two definitions of power.

If the independent variable has a real effect, the probability of rejecting H 0 is _________.

It is impossible to ever prove that H 0 is true because _________.

In general, does alpha + beta equal 1? Explain.

High power is desirable in an experiment.

The higher the power, _________.

If H 0 is true, power is the probability of not making a Type II error.

With alpha and the effect of the independent variable held constant, as N increases _________.

If the independent variable is more powerful in experiment A than in experiment B, there is a higher probability of rejecting H 0 in A than in B if, in fact, H 0 is false.

Define P null.

Increasing N increases the probability of a Type II error.

Assume that you have conducted an experiment and the tail probability for the results you obtained was 0.0900 and a = 0.05. You can conclude _________.

If in reality H 0 is true, then designing a very powerful experiment (without changing alpha) will allow us to reject H 0 more readily.

"Nonsignificant results" means _________.

Which of the following P values represents the strongest effect?

The power of an experiment is affected by _________.

Which of the following values of P represents the largest effect?

Statistics and Scientific Method

Basic Mathematical and Measurement Concepts

Frequency Distributions

Measures of Central Tendency and Variability

The Normal Curve and Standard Scores

Correlation

Linear Regression

Random Sampling and Probability

Binomial Distribution

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Using the Sign Test

Sampling Distributions, Sampling Distribution of the Mean: the Normal Deviate Z Test

Students T Test for Single Samples

Students T Test for Correlated and Independent Groups

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Introduction to the Two-Way Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Tests

Filters

If H ₀ is in reality false and it is legitimate to use a directional H ₁, which of the following will yield a more powerful test?

If the independent variable has a real effect, the probability of rejecting H ₀ is _________.

It is impossible to ever prove that H ₀ is true because _________.

If H ₀ is true, power is the probability of not making a Type II error.

If the independent variable is more powerful in experiment A than in experiment B, there is a higher probability of rejecting H ₀ in A than in B if, in fact, H ₀ is false.

Define P _null.

If in reality H ₀ is true, then designing a very powerful experiment (without changing alpha) will allow us to reject H ₀ more readily.