Exam 7: Sample Size, Effect Size, and Power

Researchers study the relationship between taking Vitamin C and life expectancy A p value of 0.43 is reported. If the researchers were incorrect about this conclusion it would be an example what?

If you are very concerned about making a type I error what would be the best alpha to select?

A small study reports that there is no association between taking metronidazole and alcohol sensitivity. A larger study then correctly identifies the association. You now know that in the first study:

A study reports an association between feeding livestock antibiotics and drug resistance in humans. You know this means:

If a study has an inadequate sample size you increase the risk of:

If a study reports INCORRECTLY that an association exists this can only be what type of error?

A pilot study examining weight bearing exercise and bone density detects an effect size of 0.8. You are planning the next study and know this means:

A study reports that the abuse of bath salts (synthetic cathinones) is associated with developing candida. If this result is an error you know this means:

If a study reports INCORRECTLY reports that there is no association or difference this can only be what type of error?

Researchers study the relationship between interpersonal violence and health in college age women. The selected an alpha of 0.05. The researchers examined levels of social support for abused versus non abused women. A p value of 0.19 is reported. Based on this information, you know:

A small pilot study reports consumption of energy drinks are not associated with adverse outcomes in children. However, a larger follow up study correctly reports that energy drinks are associated with death in children under age 5. You know this means:

A small study reports energy drinks are associated with hyperadrenergic syndrome with an effect size of 0.7. You are funded to complete a larger study on the issue. You know:

You are reading a pilot study that reports taking glargine insulin prevents glycemic spikes. The p value is 0.08. You know this means:

A study reports that synthetic marijuana use is associated with altered mental status and tachycardia. You know this means:

Your patient completes a DXA scan and the report indicates her left hip bone density has a Z score of -1.4 with a p value of 0.001. You know this means:

Researchers studied symptom distress and palliative care designation among a sample of 900 hospitalized patients. They reported that women were significantly more likely to experience distress from fatigue when compared to men. Which statement is correct?

After completing the power analysis the researchers determine they need a sample size of 400 to have adequate power in their study. After enrolling subjects they have a lower response rate than anticipated and they only enroll 320. Inadequate enrollment may increase the risk of:

A study reports that taking Glucophage is associating with lower postprandial hyperglycemia (p<0.01). You know this means:

Researchers studied symptom distress and palliative care designation among a sample of 900 hospitalized patients. They reported that women had higher average distress scores from anxiety (2.44) then men (2.20) but that this association was not significant. Which statement is correct?

If a study has an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 0.80 you know the chance of making a type II error is: