Exam 3: Theories of Crime

Although the idea of Communism reflects this theorist's ideas, it is important to note that he died before the Communist states in the former Soviet Union, China, North Korea, Vietnam, and Cuba were established.

According to Elliot and colleagues' , strain, social control, and association with delinquent peers affect all youths regardless of class.

Discuss the three categories of psychopath according to Robert Hare.

According to , social action should be based on the utilitarian principle of "the greatest happiness for the greatest number."

In the past, crime research assumed that women were just a subset of men and that research findings could be easily applied to women.

According to Merton's strain theory, crime problems arise when there is unequal access to societal norms and goals.

Differential association theory states that criminal offenders are physically different from the rest of the population.

The school of theories relies on the demographics and geographic location of individuals.

Both Beccaria and Bentham were concerned more with reforming the criminal justice system than with finding the causes of crime.

Early criminal psychology looked for individual that influenced behavior, such as extroversion or introversion.

This term describes an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect the reality of that class's existence.

Freud contended that personality is composed of three parts: .

This criminologist's theory espoused free will and punishment based on humane principles.

This theory contends that people commit deviant behavior because they consider themselves outsiders.

The positivist school of criminology is a natural outgrowth of the rise of the scientific method.

This refers to the act of thinking, which includes attitudes, beliefs, and values that individuals hold about themselves, other people, and their surroundings.

The earliest explanations for deviant behavior attributed crime to supernatural forces.

Skinner's theory of behaviorism was based on the psychological principle of .

Kohlberg theorized that the quality of our moral development was in no way related to how we adapt to cognitive disequilibrium or the thinking that occurs when we realize that what we learn does not match what we know.

Hirschi's social control theory seeks to explain why people break the law.