Exam 10: Risk and Uncertainty: How Safe Is Safe Enough

The risk-benefit principle entails that

The perceived dangers of train travel in the 19th century count as

Which of the following best fits an application of the Wingspread criteria to the Camry case?

Trichloroethylene is a clear, nonflammable liquid commonly used as a solvent for a variety of organic materials. It was first introduced in the 1920s and widely used for industrial purposes until the 1970s. At that point, suspicions arose that trichloroethylene could be toxic. After many years of scientific debate, the EPA concluded in 2011 that trichloroethylene is a carcinogen. This shows that, between the 1920s and 2011,

The fact that rational choosers are often risk-averse instead of expected-utility maximizers counts against the

How does the principle of informed consent compare to the other ethical principles?

Why is it difficult to apply the engineering definition of risk to chemicals with unknown chemical properties, and how should such risks be assessed?

The objective risk of an activity depends on how likely some negative event is to actually occur. The subjective risk, also known as the perceived risk, depends on what the agent believes about

The risk-benefit principle and the precautionary principle draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable risks by considering the risk's potential consequences. Kantian duty ethicists would argue that what matters is whether those exposed to the risk

Which of the following expresses the precautionary principle?

What is the role of informed consent in risk management?

The decision to shut down nuclear reactors in Germany because of the Fukushima disaster is an example of

Which of the following best fits with the precautionary principle?

According to the engineering definition of risk,

Which of the following is a benefit of the precautionary principle over cost-benefit and risk-benefit?

When dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was introduced on a large scale in the agricultural sector in the 1950s, it was perceived as safe by experts as well as laypeople. The inventor, Paul Muller, was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for his work on DDT in 1948. However, in the 1960s, a group of scientists discovered that DDT is, as a matter of fact, extremely toxic. This shows that, in the 1960s, the

Is it irrational to be risk averse? Explain your answer.

If the probability is 1 in 10 million that an airliner with 450 passengers will crash in any given year, then the annual risk of a crash is

Who discovered the faulty code causing the acceleration in the Toyota Camry?

Which of the following was put forth as an explanation for the accelerator-related deaths in Camrys by Toyota?