Question 1

Driver's ultimate view of subjectivism can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  endorsement. 
B)  partial acceptance. 
C)  rejection. 
D)  ambivalence. 
A)  endorsement. 
B)  partial acceptance. 
C)  rejection. 
D)  ambivalence. C

Question 2

Are some acts right or wrong regardless of what anyone happens to believe? If so, what explains that fact?

Accepted Answer

Yes, some acts are considered right or wrong regardless of what anyone happens to believe. This is because certain actions can be objectively harmful or beneficial to individuals or society as a whole. For example, murder is generally considered wrong because it causes harm to the victim and their loved ones, regardless of anyone's personal beliefs. Similarly, acts of kindness and generosity are often considered right because they bring about positive outcomes for others.

The explanation for this fact lies in the principles of ethics and morality, which are based on the well-being and flourishing of individuals and communities. These principles are often rooted in concepts such as empathy, fairness, and the social contract, which transcend individual beliefs and opinions. Additionally, many societies have established legal systems and codes of conduct that reflect these shared moral values, further reinforcing the idea that certain acts are objectively right or wrong. Ultimately, the recognition of certain actions as universally right or wrong is grounded in the fundamental human experience of empathy and the desire for a just and harmonious society.

Question 3

Driver explains that, in her view, a moral statement must be believed by someone or other in order for it to have a truth-value.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Subjectivism views morality as being about personal preference, not truth-values.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The form of subjectivism that Driver focuses on treats moral claims as

Accepted Answer

A)  reports about community standards. 
B)  reports about expert consensus. 
C)  reports of an individual's approval or disapproval. 
D)  expressions of divine authority. 
A)  reports about community standards. 
B)  reports about expert consensus. 
C)  reports of an individual's approval or disapproval. 
D)  expressions of divine authority.

Question 6

Driver admits that subjectivism is an attractive view because it appears tolerant of diverse viewpoints.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Driver argues that moral claims are radically different from descriptive claims.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If subjectivism is true, then when a person says, "Abortion is wrong," this means

Accepted Answer

A)  "I disapprove of abortion." 
B)  "God forbids abortion." 
C)  "Every human life is precious." 
D)  "Abortion is bad for society." 
A)  "I disapprove of abortion." 
B)  "God forbids abortion." 
C)  "Every human life is precious." 
D)  "Abortion is bad for society."

Question 9

On Driver's view, claims like "Abortion is always wrong" cannot be true for one person but false for another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to Driver, we discover the truth of descriptive claims by

Accepted Answer

A)  consulting tradition. 
B)  consulting popular opinion. 
C)  investigating the world. 
D)  testing our ideas against each other. 
A)  consulting tradition. 
B)  consulting popular opinion. 
C)  investigating the world. 
D)  testing our ideas against each other.

Question 11

According to Driver, if subjectivism is false, then which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some moral truths are known by everyone. 
B)  Moral disagreement is impossible. 
C)  There are objective moral values. 
D)  Something beyond individual belief is needed to morally justify an action. 
A)  Some moral truths are known by everyone. 
B)  Moral disagreement is impossible. 
C)  There are objective moral values. 
D)  Something beyond individual belief is needed to morally justify an action.

Question 12

Driver believes that the example of Heinrich Himmler

Accepted Answer

A)  refutes subjectivism. 
B)  supports subjectivism. 
C)  has more to do with descriptive claims than normative ones. 
D)  is a problem for any theory of moral judgment. 
A)  refutes subjectivism. 
B)  supports subjectivism. 
C)  has more to do with descriptive claims than normative ones. 
D)  is a problem for any theory of moral judgment.

Question 13

Driver defines subjectivism as a form of moral relativism which holds that individual beliefs or attitudes determine the truth-value of moral claims. Suppose Driver is right that subjectivism is untenable. Are there other, more plausible forms of moral relativism? How would they differ from subjectivism?

Accepted Answer

Yes, there are other forms of moral rela

Question 14

As a form of moral relativism, subjectivism

Accepted Answer

A)  holds that moral truth can be explored by science. 
B)  recognizes at least a few universal moral truths. 
C)  is consistent with the phenomenon of moral disagreement. 
D)  holds that moral truth varies from person to person. 
A)  holds that moral truth can be explored by science. 
B)  recognizes at least a few universal moral truths. 
C)  is consistent with the phenomenon of moral disagreement. 
D)  holds that moral truth varies from person to person.

Question 15

Driver thinks that it is natural to believe that, when moral argumentation occurs,

Accepted Answer

A)  something objective is at stake. 
B)  at least one party must be wrong. 
C)  there is always a right answer. 
D)  there can be no final resolution. 
A)  something objective is at stake. 
B)  at least one party must be wrong. 
C)  there is always a right answer. 
D)  there can be no final resolution.

Question 16

By Driver's lights, the view that "what is 'right' for me may not be 'right' for you" has the troubling implication that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no moral truths. 
B)  virtually any practice, however clearly evil, could be considered true. 
C)  morality has no basis in scientific fact. 
D)  society has the right to silence dissenters. 
A)  there are no moral truths. 
B)  virtually any practice, however clearly evil, could be considered true. 
C)  morality has no basis in scientific fact. 
D)  society has the right to silence dissenters.

Question 17

Subjectivism, as presented by Driver, holds that the larger social community determines whether a given practice is morally right or wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Driver rejects subjectivism for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is intolerant. 
B)  It cannot explain how moral disagreement is possible. 
C)  It denies that moral judgments have truth-values. 
D)  It makes the community the authority on moral questions. 
A)  It is intolerant. 
B)  It cannot explain how moral disagreement is possible. 
C)  It denies that moral judgments have truth-values. 
D)  It makes the community the authority on moral questions.

Question 19

Driver's arguments against subjectivism presuppose that moral disagreement over truth is an essential part of morality, for which any good theory of moral truth must account. Is she right about this? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The driver's argument against subjectivi

Question 20

According to Driver, subjectivism is a form of moral relativism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Subjectivism Julia Driver

Driver's ultimate view of subjectivism can best be described as

Are some acts right or wrong regardless of what anyone happens to believe? If so, what explains that fact?

Driver explains that, in her view, a moral statement must be believed by someone or other in order for it to have a truth-value.

Subjectivism views morality as being about personal preference, not truth-values.

The form of subjectivism that Driver focuses on treats moral claims as

Driver admits that subjectivism is an attractive view because it appears tolerant of diverse viewpoints.

Driver argues that moral claims are radically different from descriptive claims.

If subjectivism is true, then when a person says, "Abortion is wrong," this means

On Driver's view, claims like "Abortion is always wrong" cannot be true for one person but false for another.

According to Driver, we discover the truth of descriptive claims by

According to Driver, if subjectivism is false, then which of the following must be true?

Driver believes that the example of Heinrich Himmler

As a form of moral relativism, subjectivism

Driver thinks that it is natural to believe that, when moral argumentation occurs,

By Driver's lights, the view that "what is 'right' for me may not be 'right' for you" has the troubling implication that

Subjectivism, as presented by Driver, holds that the larger social community determines whether a given practice is morally right or wrong.

Driver rejects subjectivism for which of the following reasons?

Driver's arguments against subjectivism presuppose that moral disagreement over truth is an essential part of morality, for which any good theory of moral truth must account. Is she right about this? Why or why not?

According to Driver, subjectivism is a form of moral relativism.

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Phaedo Plato

God and Morality Steven M.Cahn

The Challenge of Cultural Relativism James Rachels

Right and Wrong Thomas Nagel

Egoism and Moral Skepticism James Rachels

Happiness and Immorality Steven M.Cahn and Jeffrie G Murphy

The Nature of Ethical Disagreement Charles L Stevenson

The Rationality of Moral Action Philippa Foot

The Categorical Imperative Immanuel Kant

A Simplified Account of Kants Ethics Onora Oneill

Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill

Contemporary Utilitarianism Julia Driver

The Nature of Virtue Aristotle

Virtue Ethics Julia Driver

The Ethics of Care Virginia Held

The Social Contract Thomas Hobbes

A Theory of Justice John Rawls

Gender Bias Cheshire Calhoun

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Peter Singer

A Reply to Singer Travis Timmerman

Rights, Obligations, and World Hunger Onora Oneill

The Case for Limits David Miller

A Right to Immigrate Michael Hummer

Racisms Kwame Anthony Appiah

Sexism Ann E Cudd and Leslie E Jones

Five Faces of Oppression Iris Marion Young

The Morality of Reparation Bernard Boxill

Reparation and the Problem of Agency Chandran Kukathas

Offers and Coercion Nancy Tuana

Consensual Sex on Campus Leslie Pickering Francis

Sexual Harassment in the University N Ann Davis

Sexual Harassment in Public Places Margaret Crouch

Value and the Gift of Sexuality Elisabeth Anderson

Taking Money for Bodily Services Martha C Nussbaum

Markets in Womens Sexual Labor Debra Satz

Equality for Animals Peter Singer

Speciesism and the Idea of Equality Bonnie Steinbock

Getting Animals in View Christine Korsgaard

Speaking of Animal Rights Mary Anne Warren

Philosophical Problems for Environmentalism Elliott Sober

Ethics and Global Change Dale Jamieson

A Defense of Abortion Judith Jarvis Thomson

On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion Mary Anne Warren

Why Abortion Is Immoral Don Marquis

Virtue Theory and Abortion Rosalind Hursthouse

Active and Passive Euthanasia James Rachels

The Intentional Termination Fo Life Bonnie Steinbock

The Meaning of Life Richard Taylor

Meaning in Life Susan Wolf

Meaningful Lives Christine Vitrano

The Trolley Problem Judith Jarvis Thomson

Turning the Trolley Judith Jarvis Thomson

Moral Saints Susan Wolf

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