Question 1

Racial profiling data (i.e., police-stop study data) collected at the aggregate level are

Accepted Answer

A)  Always useful in proving an individual officer is racist. 
B)  Never useful in proving an individual officer is racist. 
C)  Seldom used in racial profiling litigation. 
D)  Always considered solid proof of racial profiling. 
A)  Always useful in proving an individual officer is racist. 
B)  Never useful in proving an individual officer is racist. 
C)  Seldom used in racial profiling litigation. 
D)  Always considered solid proof of racial profiling. B

Question 2

The leading case in racial profiling is

Accepted Answer

A)  State of New Jersey v. Pedro Soto, 734 A. 2d 350 (N.J. Super. Ct. Law Div. 1996). 
B)  Melendres et al. v. Arpaio et al., No. CV 07-02513-PHX-MHM (2008). 
C)  Wilkins v. Maryland State Police, Civ. No. CCB-93-468 (D. Md.). 
D)  Whren et al. v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996). 
A)  State of New Jersey v. Pedro Soto, 734 A. 2d 350 (N.J. Super. Ct. Law Div. 1996). 
B)  Melendres et al. v. Arpaio et al., No. CV 07-02513-PHX-MHM (2008). 
C)  Wilkins v. Maryland State Police, Civ. No. CCB-93-468 (D. Md.). 
D)  Whren et al. v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996). D

Question 3

Likely the best legal remedy for plaintiffs who allege an entire police department is engaged in racial profiling is

Accepted Answer

A)  The Fourth Amendment. 
B)  Title 42 U.S.C., Section 14141 (Pattern and Practice). 
C)  Section 1983. 
D)  The Fourteenth Amendment. 
A)  The Fourth Amendment. 
B)  Title 42 U.S.C., Section 14141 (Pattern and Practice). 
C)  Section 1983. 
D)  The Fourteenth Amendment. B

Question 4

A search predicated by a police officer solely on the basis of an individual's race or ethnicity is a violation of

Accepted Answer

A)  The exclusionary rule. 
B)  The Eighth Amendment. 
C)  The Fourth Amendment. 
D)  The Fourteenth Amendment. 
A)  The exclusionary rule. 
B)  The Eighth Amendment. 
C)  The Fourth Amendment. 
D)  The Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 5

One of the key differences between "successful" and "unsuccessful" racial profiling cases is

Accepted Answer

A)  Successful litigants have more money. 
B)  Successful litigants are able to produce corroborative evidence of racial animus. 
C)  Successful litigants have better attorneys. 
D)  Successful litigants hire better experts. 
A)  Successful litigants have more money. 
B)  Successful litigants are able to produce corroborative evidence of racial animus. 
C)  Successful litigants have better attorneys. 
D)  Successful litigants hire better experts.

Question 6

Using a conceptual definition of racial profiling, a plaintiff must prove

Accepted Answer

A)  That the officer knew the race of the driver prior to initiating the stop. 
B)  That the officer was inappropriately influenced by the individual's race when making the decision to stop. 
C)  Both a and c. 
D)  Neither a nor c. 
A)  That the officer knew the race of the driver prior to initiating the stop. 
B)  That the officer was inappropriately influenced by the individual's race when making the decision to stop. 
C)  Both a and c. 
D)  Neither a nor c.

Question 7

An allegation that members of a specific racial group are subjected to more punitive enforcement decisions would be legally based on

Accepted Answer

A)  The Fourteenth Amendment. 
B)  Title 42 U.S.C., Section 14141 (Pattern and Practice). 
C)  The Fourth Amendment. 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1968. 
A)  The Fourteenth Amendment. 
B)  Title 42 U.S.C., Section 14141 (Pattern and Practice). 
C)  The Fourth Amendment. 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1968.

Question 8

One of the most common problems experienced by plaintiffs who allege racial profiling is

Accepted Answer

A)  They are unwilling to testify against the police. 
B)  The courts are not willing to rule against the police. 
C)  The difficulties associated with measuring the racial composition within the driving population (i.e., the benchmark). 
D)  Finding the funds necessary to file a legal case. 
A)  They are unwilling to testify against the police. 
B)  The courts are not willing to rule against the police. 
C)  The difficulties associated with measuring the racial composition within the driving population (i.e., the benchmark). 
D)  Finding the funds necessary to file a legal case.

Question 9

Using an operational definition of racial profiling, a plaintiff must prove

Accepted Answer

A)  That the officer knew the race of the driver prior to initiating the stop. 
B)  That the officer was inappropriately influenced by the individual's race when making the decision to stop. 
C)  That members of certain racial or ethnic groups are (overall) more likely to be stopped by the police. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  That the officer knew the race of the driver prior to initiating the stop. 
B)  That the officer was inappropriately influenced by the individual's race when making the decision to stop. 
C)  That members of certain racial or ethnic groups are (overall) more likely to be stopped by the police. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 10

Likely the best way to overcome the accuracy issues relating to benchmarks used in racial profiling research is

Accepted Answer

A)  To simply not use a benchmark and let the statistics speak for themselves. 
B)  To use the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau. 
C)  To use an internal benchmark. 
D)  To calculate a level of precision (error) for each benchmark. 
A)  To simply not use a benchmark and let the statistics speak for themselves. 
B)  To use the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau. 
C)  To use an internal benchmark. 
D)  To calculate a level of precision (error) for each benchmark.

Racial profiling data (i.e., police-stop study data) collected at the aggregate level are

The leading case in racial profiling is

Likely the best legal remedy for plaintiffs who allege an entire police department is engaged in racial profiling is

A search predicated by a police officer solely on the basis of an individual's race or ethnicity is a violation of

One of the key differences between "successful" and "unsuccessful" racial profiling cases is

Using a conceptual definition of racial profiling, a plaintiff must prove

An allegation that members of a specific racial group are subjected to more punitive enforcement decisions would be legally based on

One of the most common problems experienced by plaintiffs who allege racial profiling is

Using an operational definition of racial profiling, a plaintiff must prove

Likely the best way to overcome the accuracy issues relating to benchmarks used in racial profiling research is

Surveillance Technology and the Reasonable Expectation of Privacy: Claire Nolasco Aneta Spaic

Interrogations, Law, and False Confessions: Marvin Zalman

The Restriction and Likely Elimination of the Exclusionary Rule: Jeffery T.Walker

DNA Evidence and Wrongful Convictions: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies: Mai E.Naito Michael Vaughn

The Implications of Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims: Fran Bernat Simon Zschirnt Nicholas Godlove

Sentencing Reforms and the Supreme Court: Rodney L.Engen Ronald F.Wright

Inmate Litigation and the Constitution: Barbara Belbot Michael Cavanaugh

Sex Offender Registration, Notification, and Civil Commitment Statutes: Due Process Vs Community Safety: Barbara Sims Megan Reynolds Leah Taylor

Private Prisons and the Law: Jared Eilison Emily Wright

Collateral Consequences: The Gift That Kepps on Giving: Valerie Bell Leonard Decker

Juvenile Waiver Laws: Benjamin Steiner

A Contemporary Analysis of Drug Tests, the Fourth Amendment, and the Courts Rationale for Warrantless and Suspicionless Searches: Claudia San Miguel

Juvenile Life Without Parole and the Juvenile Death Penalty: Taylor Brickley Katherine Bennett

Section 1983 Litigation in Criminal Justice: Darrell Ross

Medical Marijuana and the States: Stacy Moak Rocio Roles

Have Three Strikes Laws Struck Out: Robert P Stallings Shannon Womer Phaneuf Jon Cooper

Case Processing and Plea Bargaining: Brian Iannacchione

Gun Control: David Brody Chyla Aguiar

The Patriot Act: Where Is It Today: Sue Carter Collins

Filters

Exam 4: Racial Profiling and the Law: Brian Withrow Jeffery D.Dailey

Racial profiling data (i.e., police-stop study data) collected at the aggregate level are

The leading case in racial profiling is

Likely the best legal remedy for plaintiffs who allege an entire police department is engaged in racial profiling is

A search predicated by a police officer solely on the basis of an individual's race or ethnicity is a violation of

One of the key differences between "successful" and "unsuccessful" racial profiling cases is

Using a conceptual definition of racial profiling, a plaintiff must prove

An allegation that members of a specific racial group are subjected to more punitive enforcement decisions would be legally based on

One of the most common problems experienced by plaintiffs who allege racial profiling is

Using an operational definition of racial profiling, a plaintiff must prove

Likely the best way to overcome the accuracy issues relating to benchmarks used in racial profiling research is

Surveillance Technology and the Reasonable Expectation of Privacy: Claire Nolasco Aneta Spaic

Interrogations, Law, and False Confessions: Marvin Zalman

The Restriction and Likely Elimination of the Exclusionary Rule: Jeffery T.Walker

DNA Evidence and Wrongful Convictions: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies: Mai E.Naito Michael Vaughn

The Implications of Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims: Fran Bernat Simon Zschirnt Nicholas Godlove

Sentencing Reforms and the Supreme Court: Rodney L.Engen Ronald F.Wright

Inmate Litigation and the Constitution: Barbara Belbot Michael Cavanaugh

Sex Offender Registration, Notification, and Civil Commitment Statutes: Due Process Vs Community Safety: Barbara Sims Megan Reynolds Leah Taylor

Private Prisons and the Law: Jared Eilison Emily Wright

Collateral Consequences: The Gift That Kepps on Giving: Valerie Bell Leonard Decker

Juvenile Waiver Laws: Benjamin Steiner

A Contemporary Analysis of Drug Tests, the Fourth Amendment, and the Courts Rationale for Warrantless and Suspicionless Searches: Claudia San Miguel

Juvenile Life Without Parole and the Juvenile Death Penalty: Taylor Brickley Katherine Bennett

Section 1983 Litigation in Criminal Justice: Darrell Ross

Medical Marijuana and the States: Stacy Moak Rocio Roles

Have Three Strikes Laws Struck Out: Robert P Stallings Shannon Womer Phaneuf Jon Cooper

Case Processing and Plea Bargaining: Brian Iannacchione

Gun Control: David Brody Chyla Aguiar

The Patriot Act: Where Is It Today: Sue Carter Collins

Filters