Question 1

If A is a sufficient condition for B, then B is

Accepted Answer

A)  A necessary condition for 
B)  A sufficient condition for 
C)  Both necessary and sufficient for 
D)  Neither necessary nor sufficient for 
A)  A necessary condition for 
B)  A sufficient condition for 
C)  Both necessary and sufficient for 
D)  Neither necessary nor sufficient for

Question 2

Define "validity" in your own words. Then give an example of a valid argument and explain why it is valid.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the soundness and str

Question 3

According to Barker and Kitcher, the growth of antiscience is facilitated when

Accepted Answer

A)  Debates in the media make scientific issues seem more controversial than they are. 
B)  Scientific predictions and interventions are less successful. 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither a nor b 
A)  Debates in the media make scientific issues seem more controversial than they are. 
B)  Scientific predictions and interventions are less successful. 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither a nor b

Question 4

The fallacy of petitio principii involves circular reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As logicians use the term, "fallacy" refers to a mistaken belief or false statement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A college offers an elective course in the history of philosophy. Students may choose to take it to fill a humanities requirement or they make take a different course. For this college, the history of philosophy course is

Accepted Answer

A)  A necessary condition for graduating. 
B)  A sufficient condition for graduating. 
C)  Both necessary and sufficient for graduating. 
D)  Neither necessary nor sufficient for graduating. 
A)  A necessary condition for graduating. 
B)  A sufficient condition for graduating. 
C)  Both necessary and sufficient for graduating. 
D)  Neither necessary nor sufficient for graduating.

Question 7

Barker and Kitcher claim that the media has played a role in the growth of antiscience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Any fallacy must include a

Accepted Answer

A)  False premise 
B)  False conclusion. 
C)  Both a or 
D)  Neither a nor 
A)  False premise 
B)  False conclusion. 
C)  Both a or 
D)  Neither a nor

Question 9

An analytical definition should not be

Accepted Answer

A)  Too broad. 
B)  Too narrow. 
C)  Circular. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Too broad. 
B)  Too narrow. 
C)  Circular. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 10

A stipulative definition should not

Accepted Answer

A)  Be too broad. 
B)  Assign an arbitrary definition to a word with an established meaning. 
C)  Be arbitrary. 
D)  Be circular. 
A)  Be too broad. 
B)  Assign an arbitrary definition to a word with an established meaning. 
C)  Be arbitrary. 
D)  Be circular.

Question 11

Revelatory definitions

Accepted Answer

A)  Characterize the meaning a word already has. 
B)  Stipulate how a speaker intends to use a word. 
C)  Increase the ambiguity of a word. 
D)  Perfect the usage of a word growing out of previously established usages. 
A)  Characterize the meaning a word already has. 
B)  Stipulate how a speaker intends to use a word. 
C)  Increase the ambiguity of a word. 
D)  Perfect the usage of a word growing out of previously established usages.

Question 12

A candle burning is a sufficient condition for the presence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Inference to the best explanation requires that

Accepted Answer

A)  The truth of the conclusion gives us good reason to expect that the premises are true. 
B)  The truth of the premises gives us good reason to expect that the conclusion is true. 
C)  The conclusion follows from the premises deductively. 
D)  The conclusion could never be false given the truth of the premises. 
A)  The truth of the conclusion gives us good reason to expect that the premises are true. 
B)  The truth of the premises gives us good reason to expect that the conclusion is true. 
C)  The conclusion follows from the premises deductively. 
D)  The conclusion could never be false given the truth of the premises.

Question 14

How is it that nondeductive arguments can be considered good reasoning even though they do not pass the test of validity?

Accepted Answer

Nondeductive arguments can be considered

Question 15

How do defenders of science respond to antiscience attitudes according to Barker and Kitcher? Is this response persuasive in your view? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Defenders of science, according to Barke

Question 16

"Practicing is necessary if you want to play guitar well." Which of these would be the best response if you wanted to prove that this statement is false? (Pretend for a minute that it's false.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Talent is also necessary if you want to play well. 
B)  Some people play well even though they have never practiced. 
C)  Some people learn to play faster than others. 
D)  Some people never learn to play well even though they practice. 
A)  Talent is also necessary if you want to play well. 
B)  Some people play well even though they have never practiced. 
C)  Some people learn to play faster than others. 
D)  Some people never learn to play well even though they practice.

Question 17

A verbal dispute arises when

Accepted Answer

A)  A word is being used with different meanings. 
B)  A word is clearly defined. 
C)  Two people disagree on an issue. 
D)  A fallacy of reasoning is used. 
A)  A word is being used with different meanings. 
B)  A word is clearly defined. 
C)  Two people disagree on an issue. 
D)  A fallacy of reasoning is used.

Question 18

What is the fallacy of black-and-white thinking? Why is it a fallacy? Explain first by providing your own example of the phenomenon and second by explaining how things could go better if the fallacy were not committed.

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of black-and-white thinking,

Question 19

Imagine that your professor says, "A perfect score on every assignment is sufficient to get an A in this class." A student objects, "It's not fair to grade so harshly. You shouldn't demand perfection just to get an A." Do you think the professor's statement is fair? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The professor's statement may be fair de

Question 20

An invalid nondeductive argument can still be an example of good reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

If A is a sufficient condition for B, then B is

Define "validity" in your own words. Then give an example of a valid argument and explain why it is valid.

According to Barker and Kitcher, the growth of antiscience is facilitated when

The fallacy of petitio principii involves circular reasoning.

As logicians use the term, "fallacy" refers to a mistaken belief or false statement.

A college offers an elective course in the history of philosophy. Students may choose to take it to fill a humanities requirement or they make take a different course. For this college, the history of philosophy course is

Barker and Kitcher claim that the media has played a role in the growth of antiscience.

Any fallacy must include a

An analytical definition should not be

A stipulative definition should not

Revelatory definitions

A candle burning is a sufficient condition for the presence of oxygen.

Inference to the best explanation requires that

How is it that nondeductive arguments can be considered good reasoning even though they do not pass the test of validity?

How do defenders of science respond to antiscience attitudes according to Barker and Kitcher? Is this response persuasive in your view? Why or why not?

"Practicing is necessary if you want to play guitar well." Which of these would be the best response if you wanted to prove that this statement is false? (Pretend for a minute that it's false.)

A verbal dispute arises when

What is the fallacy of black-and-white thinking? Why is it a fallacy? Explain first by providing your own example of the phenomenon and second by explaining how things could go better if the fallacy were not committed.

Imagine that your professor says, "A perfect score on every assignment is sufficient to get an A in this class." A student objects, "It's not fair to grade so harshly. You shouldn't demand perfection just to get an A." Do you think the professor's statement is fair? Why or why not?

An invalid nondeductive argument can still be an example of good reasoning.

What Is Philosophy

Knowing Vs Thinking

Mind

Free Will

Identity

God

Moral Theory

Moral Problems

Society

Social Justice

Art

The Meaning of Life

Asian Outlooks

Filters

Exam 2: The Elements of Argument

If A is a sufficient condition for B, then B is

Define "validity" in your own words. Then give an example of a valid argument and explain why it is valid.

According to Barker and Kitcher, the growth of antiscience is facilitated when

The fallacy of petitio principii involves circular reasoning.

As logicians use the term, "fallacy" refers to a mistaken belief or false statement.

A college offers an elective course in the history of philosophy. Students may choose to take it to fill a humanities requirement or they make take a different course. For this college, the history of philosophy course is

Barker and Kitcher claim that the media has played a role in the growth of antiscience.

Any fallacy must include a

An analytical definition should not be

A stipulative definition should not

Revelatory definitions

A candle burning is a sufficient condition for the presence of oxygen.

Inference to the best explanation requires that

How is it that nondeductive arguments can be considered good reasoning even though they do not pass the test of validity?

How do defenders of science respond to antiscience attitudes according to Barker and Kitcher? Is this response persuasive in your view? Why or why not?

"Practicing is necessary if you want to play guitar well." Which of these would be the best response if you wanted to prove that this statement is false? (Pretend for a minute that it's false.)

A verbal dispute arises when

What is the fallacy of black-and-white thinking? Why is it a fallacy? Explain first by providing your own example of the phenomenon and second by explaining how things could go better if the fallacy were not committed.

Imagine that your professor says, "A perfect score on every assignment is sufficient to get an A in this class." A student objects, "It's not fair to grade so harshly. You shouldn't demand perfection just to get an A." Do you think the professor's statement is fair? Why or why not?

An invalid nondeductive argument can still be an example of good reasoning.

What Is Philosophy

Knowing Vs Thinking

Mind

Free Will

Identity

God

Moral Theory

Moral Problems

Society

Social Justice

Art

The Meaning of Life

Asian Outlooks

Filters