Question 1

William Penn's Great Law deemphasized the use of corporal punishment and capital punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Cesare Beccaria, an Italian philosopher, argued that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishments should be proportional 
B)  Quaker principles should guide corrections 
C)  the fee system for jails should end 
D)  prisons should follow the panopticon model 
A)  punishments should be proportional 
B)  Quaker principles should guide corrections 
C)  the fee system for jails should end 
D)  prisons should follow the panopticon model A

Question 3

Assess the influence of the Enlightenment on correctional thinking.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Strong Answer: Answers will cite the Enlightenment's rejection of traditional ideas about punishment. These were replaced by a more rational approach to such things as human rights, liberty, and justice. Students should cite Enlightenment thinkers, such as Bentham, Beccaria, Howard, and Penn, who influenced this period of correctional history. They may discuss how their ideas about punishment led to early attempts at reform and continue to guide sentencing.

Question 4

In the late Middle Ages, galley slavery was used as an alternative to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  bridewells 
B)  the death penalty 
C)  transportation 
D)  debtors' prisons 
A)  bridewells 
B)  the death penalty 
C)  transportation 
D)  debtors' prisons

Question 5

Of the two American prison models, Dorothea Dix preferred the ______ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  Northern 
B)  Southern 
C)  New York 
D)  Pennsylvania 
A)  Northern 
B)  Southern 
C)  New York 
D)  Pennsylvania

Question 6

A debtor in the late 1700s is sentenced to incarceration. The offender is surprised to be given his own cell, separated from convicted felons who are housed in the same facility. The offender is most likely housed in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sing Sing 
B)  Elmira Reformatory 
C)  Auburn Prison 
D)  the Walnut Street Jail 
A)  Sing Sing 
B)  Elmira Reformatory 
C)  Auburn Prison 
D)  the Walnut Street Jail

Question 7

Compare early gaols in England to their counterparts today.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Gaols were early jail

Question 8

A newspaper from the mid-1800s is running a piece on the conditions in American prisons. Which topic would you most expect to find within the piece?

Accepted Answer

A)  penitence through silence 
B)  issues with overcrowding 
C)  the value of hard labor 
D)  prohibitions on torture 
A)  penitence through silence 
B)  issues with overcrowding 
C)  the value of hard labor 
D)  prohibitions on torture

Question 9

Proponents of the Pennsylvania prison system considered Eastern Pennsylvania Prison an improvement on Western Pennsylvania Prison because it ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevented inmates from working during their sentences 
B)  ensured the almost total solitude of its inmates 
C)  eschewed solitary confinement, which was injurious 
D)  led to the successful reform and penitence of its inmates 
A)  prevented inmates from working during their sentences 
B)  ensured the almost total solitude of its inmates 
C)  eschewed solitary confinement, which was injurious 
D)  led to the successful reform and penitence of its inmates

Question 10

The influence of religion on early prison operations in the United States, especially in the Pennsylvania system, is due primarily to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Catholicism 
B)  the Quakers 
C)  the Enlightenment 
D)  Presbyterianism 
A)  Catholicism 
B)  the Quakers 
C)  the Enlightenment 
D)  Presbyterianism

Question 11

What were bridewells? Why were they used in early English corrections?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Students sh

Question 12

What was the Elmira Reformatory? Briefly analyze its role in the history of correctional reform.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The Elmira Reformator

Question 13

John Howard, a former sheriff and prisoner of war in England, was known for arguing that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  punishments should be proportional 
B)  Quaker principles should guide corrections 
C)  the fee system for jails should end 
D)  prisons should follow the panopticon model 
A)  punishments should be proportional 
B)  Quaker principles should guide corrections 
C)  the fee system for jails should end 
D)  prisons should follow the panopticon model

Question 14

Galley slavery was used to provide cheap labor to farmers in English colonies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What was Walnut Street Jail? Evaluate its significance in the history of American corrections.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The Walnut Street Jai

Question 16

Religious influence is apparent throughout corrections history.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The separate system was part of the ______ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pennsylvania 
B)  New York 
C)  Tocqueville 
D)  Auburn 
A)  Pennsylvania 
B)  New York 
C)  Tocqueville 
D)  Auburn

Question 18

Which reformer argued that the English government should provide sanitary conditions for inmates in gaols?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jeremy Bentham 
B)  Cesare Beccaria 
C)  John Howard 
D)  William Penn 
A)  Jeremy Bentham 
B)  Cesare Beccaria 
C)  John Howard 
D)  William Penn

Question 19

Who was Dorothea Dix? Why was she important to the history of corrections?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Dorothea Dix was a hu

Question 20

Correctional researcher Irwin identified something called the convict code, which involved ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  providing privileges to prisoners for good behavior 
B)  using inmates' labor for contracted work 
C)  branding criminals according to their offenses 
D)  setting informal rules for inmates to live by 
A)  providing privileges to prisoners for good behavior 
B)  using inmates' labor for contracted work 
C)  branding criminals according to their offenses 
D)  setting informal rules for inmates to live by

William Penn's Great Law deemphasized the use of corporal punishment and capital punishment.

Cesare Beccaria, an Italian philosopher, argued that ______.

Assess the influence of the Enlightenment on correctional thinking.

In the late Middle Ages, galley slavery was used as an alternative to ______.

Of the two American prison models, Dorothea Dix preferred the ______ model.

A debtor in the late 1700s is sentenced to incarceration. The offender is surprised to be given his own cell, separated from convicted felons who are housed in the same facility. The offender is most likely housed in ______.

Compare early gaols in England to their counterparts today.

A newspaper from the mid-1800s is running a piece on the conditions in American prisons. Which topic would you most expect to find within the piece?

Proponents of the Pennsylvania prison system considered Eastern Pennsylvania Prison an improvement on Western Pennsylvania Prison because it ______.

The influence of religion on early prison operations in the United States, especially in the Pennsylvania system, is due primarily to ______.

What were bridewells? Why were they used in early English corrections?

What was the Elmira Reformatory? Briefly analyze its role in the history of correctional reform.

John Howard, a former sheriff and prisoner of war in England, was known for arguing that ______.

Galley slavery was used to provide cheap labor to farmers in English colonies.

What was Walnut Street Jail? Evaluate its significance in the history of American corrections.

Religious influence is apparent throughout corrections history.

The separate system was part of the ______ model.

Which reformer argued that the English government should provide sanitary conditions for inmates in gaols?

Who was Dorothea Dix? Why was she important to the history of corrections?

Correctional researcher Irwin identified something called the convict code, which involved ______.

The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections

Ethics and Corrections

Sentencing: The Application of Punishment

Jails and Detention Centers

Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediary Sanctions

Prisons and the Correctional Client

The Corrections Experience for Staff

Community Corrections: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

Women and Corrections

Minorities and Corrections

Juveniles and Corrections

Legal Issues in Corrections and the Death Penalty

Correctional Programming and Treatment

Corrections in the 21st Century

Filters

Exam 2: Early Corrections From Ancient Times to Correctional Institutions

William Penn's Great Law deemphasized the use of corporal punishment and capital punishment.

Cesare Beccaria, an Italian philosopher, argued that ______.

Assess the influence of the Enlightenment on correctional thinking.

In the late Middle Ages, galley slavery was used as an alternative to ______.

Of the two American prison models, Dorothea Dix preferred the ______ model.

A debtor in the late 1700s is sentenced to incarceration. The offender is surprised to be given his own cell, separated from convicted felons who are housed in the same facility. The offender is most likely housed in ______.

Compare early gaols in England to their counterparts today.

A newspaper from the mid-1800s is running a piece on the conditions in American prisons. Which topic would you most expect to find within the piece?

Proponents of the Pennsylvania prison system considered Eastern Pennsylvania Prison an improvement on Western Pennsylvania Prison because it ______.

The influence of religion on early prison operations in the United States, especially in the Pennsylvania system, is due primarily to ______.

What were bridewells? Why were they used in early English corrections?

What was the Elmira Reformatory? Briefly analyze its role in the history of correctional reform.

John Howard, a former sheriff and prisoner of war in England, was known for arguing that ______.

Galley slavery was used to provide cheap labor to farmers in English colonies.

What was Walnut Street Jail? Evaluate its significance in the history of American corrections.

Religious influence is apparent throughout corrections history.

The separate system was part of the ______ model.

Which reformer argued that the English government should provide sanitary conditions for inmates in gaols?

Who was Dorothea Dix? Why was she important to the history of corrections?

Correctional researcher Irwin identified something called the convict code, which involved ______.

The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections

Ethics and Corrections

Sentencing: The Application of Punishment

Jails and Detention Centers

Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediary Sanctions

Prisons and the Correctional Client

The Corrections Experience for Staff

Community Corrections: Parole and Prisoner Reentry

Women and Corrections

Minorities and Corrections

Juveniles and Corrections

Legal Issues in Corrections and the Death Penalty

Correctional Programming and Treatment

Corrections in the 21st Century

Filters