Exam 2: Theories of Deviant Behavior: I Classical Theories

Both trajectories and transitions are major components of Sampson and Laub's developmental approach to understanding deviant behavior.

______ theory suggests that the process of becoming a deviant involves primary deviance and secondary deviance.

During the Age of Enlightenment, ______ replaced superstitious explanations for the causes of human behavior.

Stephen develops a theory that could explain the fundamental nature of the universe. The only problem is there is no way to empirically measure his variables. Therefore, the theory is not ______.

What does positivism refer to?

Hirschi's social bonds theory focused on understanding why people choose not to commit deviant acts.

Farrington identified three key transitions that changed the life trajectory of young offenders: having children, getting married, and attending college.

What term refers to an interrelated and interdependent proposition designed to predict a given phenomenon?

According to the general theory of crime, what benefits does crime offer a person with low self-control?

A proposition is a statement of the relationship between at least two variables.

What provides the foundation for the labeling perspective?

Compare and contrast control theory and the general theory of crime.

The general theory of crime suggests that most crimes are committed ______.

Morgan was caught shoplifting at a local store. Instead of pressing charges, the owner spoke with her parents and arranged for her to work at the store 4 hr a week. Because the store owner communicated his disapproval of Morgan's behavior, but provided her with the opportunity to improve, ______ has occurred.

Compare the findings from the 1972 Philadelphia Birth Cohort study to Farrington's 1986 Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development.

What is one possible criticism of routine activities theory?

There are six criteria for assessing a scientific theory: parsimony, ______, logical consistency, testability, empirical validity, and usefulness/policy implications.

When evaluating a theory, ______ refers to whether a theory has clearly stated propositions that agree with each other.

Reintegrative shaming refers to the process by which a person comes to accept the largely negative judgments of others.

When evaluating a theory, empirical validity refers to the clarity of the concepts or variables that are used to form the propositions.