Chat with AIExam 2: Examining the Social World: How Do We Know What We Know
Ralf Dahrendorf's major contribution to conflict theory was his acknowledgement that conflicts over resources extend beyond the conflict that exists between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
(21) 
VerifiedTrue
Explain how a theory differs from a hypothesis and discuss how the two are related. Provide an example.
(43) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotA theory differs from a hypothesis in several key ways.
First, a hypothesis is a specific, testable statement that is proposed as a possible explanation for a phenomenon. It is based on limited evidence and is often used as a starting point for further investigation. In contrast, a theory is a well-established explanation for a wide range of phenomena that is supported by a large body of evidence. It has been extensively tested and has stood up to scrutiny over time.
Second, a hypothesis is typically narrow in scope and is focused on a specific aspect of a phenomenon, while a theory is broader in scope and can explain a wide range of related phenomena.
Despite these differences, theories and hypotheses are related in that a theory often begins with a hypothesis. A hypothesis is proposed as a potential explanation for a phenomenon, and through testing and further research, it may eventually become part of a larger theory. In this way, hypotheses can contribute to the development and refinement of theories.
An example of this relationship can be seen in the field of evolutionary biology. Charles Darwin's initial hypothesis of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution eventually became part of the larger theory of evolution by natural selection. Over time, this theory has been supported by a vast amount of evidence from various fields, including genetics, paleontology, and comparative anatomy, solidifying its status as a well-established scientific theory.
Structural-functional theory assumes that conflict is harmful.
(27) VerifiedTrue
Compare and contrast manifest and latent functions. Provide examples of each.
(32) According to conflict theorists, symbols have a meaning beyond their own existence.
(40) The first step in planning a research study is to define a topic or problem that can be studied scientifically.
(27) A ______ is a basic view of society that guides sociologists' research and analysis.
(43) Compare and contrast social statics and social dynamics. Provide one example of each.
(35) In the late 1960s, Laud Humphries conducted a study called "The Tearoom Trade." Humphries posed as a "watch queen" (a man who guards the doors of restrooms in public parks so that men can have sex with other men inside). Humphries wrote down the license plate numbers of the men who had sex with other men, then looked up their addresses, disguised his appearance, and went to their homes to interview them a year later. Humphries discovered that, contrary to popular opinion, many of the men were actually married to women and living otherwise quiet, middle-class lives. Today, this study is considered unethical. In light of what you learned about research ethics in Chapter 2 of the text, what ethical principles does this study violate? Do you personally feel the benefits of the study (it destroyed many stereotypes) outweighed the risks?
(34) According to the principles of symbolic interactionism, people continually create and recreate society by interacting with one another.
(35) Describe one of the theoretical perspectives mentioned in the text and pose a question the perspective could address. Further, explain the critiques of that perspective. Do those critiques make the perspective useless? Why, or why not?
(34) More than any other theory in the social sciences, symbolic interaction theory stresses the role of ______.
(31) A spurious relationship occurs between two variables when ______.
(39) You have been asked to conduct a study titled "The Effect of Watching Television on the Academic Performance of First-Year College Students." What theoretical perspective will you use to guide your study, and why? Explain at least two hypotheses you have about the effect of TV on grades. Describe the method you will use to conduct your study and explain why that method is most appropriate.
(40) Which of the following sociologists placed special emphasis on human interpretations of gestures and symbols and the meaning we attach to our actions?
(30) Functional actions contribute to the stability of society whereas ______ are those actions that undermine the stability of society.
(31) 
Filters
- Essay(0)
- Multiple Choice(0)
- Short Answer(0)
- True False(0)
- Matching(0)