Exam 13: Media and Culture Theories: Meaning Making in the Social World

Advocates of media effects perspectives claim their theories are more scientific that cultural theories because they are based on highly structured empirical observations and are falsifiable.

Alfred Schutz, originator of the concept of typifications, encouraged his students to ______.

Social behaviorists accept traditional conceptualizations of stimulus-response conditioning.

The _______ model describes the framing hierarchy in public discourse.

According to social constructionism, artificial signs enable us to quickly classify objects and actions we observe and then quickly and routinely structure our own actions in response.

Both postpositivist and critical cultural framing research provide a pessimistic assessment of news and the role journalism plays in society.

Liberal linguist George Lakoff advised the Occupy Wall Street Movement, advice that research suggests all social movements should heed, to __________.

According to Erving Goffman, we are constantly ______.

Both symbolic interaction and social construction assume that it is ___ that allows the construction, maintenance, and efficient operation of culture.

In Gender Advertisements, Goffman argues that advertising routinely shows women to be __________ than men.

According to frame analysis, Goffman people work so hard maintaining their sense of continuity in their experience that they rarely make framing mistakes.

Symbolic interactionism argues that society functions well because people consciously reflect on and analyze their actions.

When framing theorists assess the way journalists frame news about science they are _________.

Specific sets of expectations that people use to make sense of social situations at given points in time are called ______.

In Mead's Mind, Self, and Society, "self" refers to our experience of consciousness.

In frame analysis, ________ is the real world in which people and events obey certain conventional and widely accepted rules.

Almost all culture-centered theories share the underlying assumption that our experience of reality is an ongoing social construction in which we have some responsibility, not something that is sent, delivered, or otherwise transmitted by some authority or elite.

Symbolic interactionism is based on the idea that unlike animals conditioned to respond to stimuli in a predetermined manner, humans are socialized in ways that permit more or less conscious interpretation of stimuli and planned responses.

Journalists, because of the power of mass media, sit atop the framing hierarchy in the cascading activation model of framing.

______ is a philosophical school of theory emphasizing the practical function of knowledge as an instrument for adapting to reality and controlling it.