Exam 9: Testing Hypotheses With Categorical Data

The Chi-square test ______.

A measure of association for nominal-level variables that does not have the disadvantage of the contingency coefficient is ______.

A contingency table shows the joint distribution of two ______.

Which of the following measure of association is best used for a Chi-square table that is 3 by 4 with ordinal-level variables?

Chi-square allows for the rejection of a null hypothesis of independence but does not tell the researcher the magnitude or strength of that relationship.

Since the Chi-square does not indicate the strength of the association, a researcher must then conduct a separate test for the measure of association.

In the definitional formula, $x^{2}=\sum_{i=1}^{k} \frac{\left(f_{0}-f_{e}\right)^{2}}{f_{e}}$ , and the computational formula, $x^{2}=\sum_{i=1}^{k} \frac{\left(f_{o}^{2}\right)}{f_{e}}-n$ , squaring the numerator ensures that ______.

What does it mean if a Chi-square test reveals a significant association between gender and crime type (violent or property)?

If the observed frequencies are significantly different from the expected frequencies then the values of the variables are dependent on one another.

The expected frequencies of a contingency table is ______.

For a Chi-square table examining an independent variable with four groups and a dependent variable with three groups, the degrees of freedom to find the critical value would be 5.

The Chi-square test is able to test the independence of two ratio-level variables.

The phi-coefficient as a measure of association is appropriate for ______.

A Chi-square statistic can never be less than zero.

A significant Chi-square test suggests that the observed frequencies are different from the expected frequencies.

The alternative computational formula for a Chi-square test ______.

The Goodman and Kruskal's gamma measure of association is appropriate for ______.

For results that included four groups with a total number of 250 participants, what would the appropriate degrees of freedom be?

For a Chi-square test the researcher has to compare percentage differences found in the categories for the independent variable at the same category of the dependent variable.

______ is a summary measure that captures the magnitude or strength of the relationship between two variables.