Question 1

Experimental designs do not consider causal validity and generalizability issues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The effect that can occur when external events during the experiment change the subjects' outcome scores is known as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hawthrone effect 
B)  history effect 
C)  selection bias 
D)  generalized impact 
A)  Hawthrone effect 
B)  history effect 
C)  selection bias 
D)  generalized impact B

Question 3

Although an association between the independent and dependent variable is a necessary criterion for supporting a ______ relationship, it is ______ evidence to support causation.

Accepted Answer

A)  causal; not sufficient 
B)  pretest; causal 
C)  corollary; ample 
D)  spurious; unscientific 
A)  causal; not sufficient 
B)  pretest; causal 
C)  corollary; ample 
D)  spurious; unscientific A

Question 4

______ identify the common influences on a number of events.

Accepted Answer

A)  Variable causations 
B)  Causal effects 
C)  Casual explanations 
D)  Ceteris paribus 
A)  Variable causations 
B)  Causal effects 
C)  Casual explanations 
D)  Ceteris paribus

Question 5

A ______ is some a that creates the connection between variation in an independent variable and the variation in the dependent variable that the independent variable is hypothesized to cause.

Accepted Answer

A)  field experiment 
B)  cause 
C)  causal mechanism 
D)  posttest 
A)  field experiment 
B)  cause 
C)  causal mechanism 
D)  posttest

Question 6

A quasi-experimental design consisting of several pretest and posttest observations of the same group is known as a(n) ______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated measures panel 
B)  measurement series 
C)  before and after 
D)  ex post factor control group 
A)  repeated measures panel 
B)  measurement series 
C)  before and after 
D)  ex post factor control group

Question 7

Identifying causes and figuring out why things happen are the goals of most social science research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Nonequivalent control group design is the most common type of quasi-experimental design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Deception may be employed in social experiments to create which outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participation in a research study 
B)  Hypothesized results 
C)  Selective distributions of benefits 
D)  More realistic treatments or conditions 
A)  Participation in a research study 
B)  Hypothesized results 
C)  Selective distributions of benefits 
D)  More realistic treatments or conditions

Question 10

______ occurs when groups become different after an experiment begins and the number of participants who drop out of each group is uneven.

Accepted Answer

A)  Differential attrition 
B)  Causal variation 
C)  Contamination 
D)  The Hawthorne effect 
A)  Differential attrition 
B)  Causal variation 
C)  Contamination 
D)  The Hawthorne effect

Question 11

Correlation proves causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

______ is known as a set of interrelated circumstances that alter a relationship between other variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Hawthorne effect 
B)  A placebo 
C)  A context 
D)  Causation 
A)  The Hawthorne effect 
B)  A placebo 
C)  A context 
D)  Causation

Question 13

David Willer and Henry

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The technique of ______ allows researchers to determine whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variable still occurs while other variable remain constant.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonspuriousness 
B)  association 
C)  statistical control 
D)  quotas 
A)  nonspuriousness 
B)  association 
C)  statistical control 
D)  quotas

Question 15

The history effect is a source of causal invalidity when events outside of the study influence posttest scores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

______ occurs when participants can select the group, they enter based upon the treatment they expect to receive.

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal validity 
B)  A history effect 
C)  Selection bias 
D)  Differential attrition 
A)  Internal validity 
B)  A history effect 
C)  Selection bias 
D)  Differential attrition

Question 17

______ is what makes the comparison group in a true experiment such a powerful tool for identifying the effects of the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Snowballing 
B)  Randomization 
C)  Time series design 
D)  Extraneous variables 
A)  Snowballing 
B)  Randomization 
C)  Time series design 
D)  Extraneous variables

Question 18

According to the text, what is the "Achilles heel" of true experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing time order 
B)  establishing association 
C)  need for generalizable findings 
D)  differential attrition 
A)  establishing time order 
B)  establishing association 
C)  need for generalizable findings 
D)  differential attrition

Question 19

What is the strongest research design for testing casual effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  true experiment 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  generalization 
D)  correlation 
A)  true experiment 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  generalization 
D)  correlation

Question 20

A randomized experimental design with a pretest and posttest is referred to a(n) ______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  randomized comparative change 
B)  after-test control group 
C)  before-and-after 
D)  repeated measures panel 
A)  randomized comparative change 
B)  after-test control group 
C)  before-and-after 
D)  repeated measures panel

Experimental designs do not consider causal validity and generalizability issues.

The effect that can occur when external events during the experiment change the subjects' outcome scores is known as a(n) ______.

Although an association between the independent and dependent variable is a necessary criterion for supporting a relationship, it is evidence to support causation.

______ identify the common influences on a number of events.

A ______ is some a that creates the connection between variation in an independent variable and the variation in the dependent variable that the independent variable is hypothesized to cause.

A quasi-experimental design consisting of several pretest and posttest observations of the same group is known as a(n) ______ design.

Identifying causes and figuring out why things happen are the goals of most social science research.

Nonequivalent control group design is the most common type of quasi-experimental design.

Deception may be employed in social experiments to create which outcome?

______ occurs when groups become different after an experiment begins and the number of participants who drop out of each group is uneven.

Correlation proves causation.

______ is known as a set of interrelated circumstances that alter a relationship between other variables.

David Willer and Henry

The technique of ______ allows researchers to determine whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variable still occurs while other variable remain constant.

The history effect is a source of causal invalidity when events outside of the study influence posttest scores.

______ occurs when participants can select the group, they enter based upon the treatment they expect to receive.

______ is what makes the comparison group in a true experiment such a powerful tool for identifying the effects of the treatment.

According to the text, what is the "Achilles heel" of true experimental design?

What is the strongest research design for testing casual effects?

A randomized experimental design with a pretest and posttest is referred to a(n) ______ design.

Science, Society, and Social Research

The Process and Problems of Social Research

Research Ethics

Conceptualization and Measurement

Generalizability and Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Methods

Unobtrusive Methods

Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Data Analysis

Summarizing and Reporting Research

Filters

Exam 6: Causation and Experimental Design

Experimental designs do not consider causal validity and generalizability issues.

The effect that can occur when external events during the experiment change the subjects' outcome scores is known as a(n) ______.

Although an association between the independent and dependent variable is a necessary criterion for supporting a ______ relationship, it is ______ evidence to support causation.

______ identify the common influences on a number of events.

A ______ is some a that creates the connection between variation in an independent variable and the variation in the dependent variable that the independent variable is hypothesized to cause.

A quasi-experimental design consisting of several pretest and posttest observations of the same group is known as a(n) ______ design.

Identifying causes and figuring out why things happen are the goals of most social science research.

Nonequivalent control group design is the most common type of quasi-experimental design.

Deception may be employed in social experiments to create which outcome?

______ occurs when groups become different after an experiment begins and the number of participants who drop out of each group is uneven.

Correlation proves causation.

______ is known as a set of interrelated circumstances that alter a relationship between other variables.

David Willer and Henry

The technique of ______ allows researchers to determine whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variable still occurs while other variable remain constant.

The history effect is a source of causal invalidity when events outside of the study influence posttest scores.

______ occurs when participants can select the group, they enter based upon the treatment they expect to receive.

______ is what makes the comparison group in a true experiment such a powerful tool for identifying the effects of the treatment.

According to the text, what is the "Achilles heel" of true experimental design?

What is the strongest research design for testing casual effects?

A randomized experimental design with a pretest and posttest is referred to a(n) ______ design.

Science, Society, and Social Research

The Process and Problems of Social Research

Research Ethics

Conceptualization and Measurement

Generalizability and Sampling

Survey Research

Qualitative Methods

Unobtrusive Methods

Quantitative Data Analysis

Qualitative Data Analysis

Summarizing and Reporting Research

Filters

Although an association between the independent and dependent variable is a necessary criterion for supporting a relationship, it is evidence to support causation.