Question 1

Which threat to interval validity is not reduced by the presence of a comparison group?

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Regression 
C)  Selection 
D)  Maturation 
E)  Instrumentation 
A)  History 
B)  Regression 
C)  Selection 
D)  Maturation 
E)  Instrumentation C

Question 2

Differential attrition in experiments occurs when staff expectancies create self-fulfilling prophecies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Match the key term to its description.
-Selection bias

Accepted Answer

A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment 
A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment G

Question 4

Differential attrition in comparison and experimental groups creates what threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  Endogenous change 
C)  History effects 
D)  Contamination 
E)  Treatment misidentification 
A)  Mortality 
B)  Endogenous change 
C)  History effects 
D)  Contamination 
E)  Treatment misidentification

Question 5

Match the key term to its description.
-Experimental group

Accepted Answer

A)  Measurement of dependent variable following treatment 
B)  Receives no treatment in an experiment 
C)  Receives a new treatment in an experiment 
D)  Measurement of dependent variable prior to treatment 
E)  Receives treatment as usual in an experiment
F) Subjects are assigned to groups by chance 
A)  Measurement of dependent variable following treatment 
B)  Receives no treatment in an experiment 
C)  Receives a new treatment in an experiment 
D)  Measurement of dependent variable prior to treatment 
E)  Receives treatment as usual in an experiment
F) Subjects are assigned to groups by chance

Question 6

Match the key term to its description.
-The history effect

Accepted Answer

A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment 
A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment

Question 7

The maturation threat to internal validity is reduced by randomization only.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Assume that you have developed study techniques that you believe will result in students scoring higher on research methods quizzes. You test your study technique using the following design:
  Using the diagramed design, what predictions will you make?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 should be greater than O1 
B)  O2 should be greater than O4 
C)  O1 should be equal to O3 
D)  a and b only are correct 
E)  a, b, and c are correct 
A)  O2 should be greater than O1 
B)  O2 should be greater than O4 
C)  O1 should be equal to O3 
D)  a and b only are correct 
E)  a, b, and c are correct

Question 9

Meta-analysis is a method to analyze findings from multiple quantitative studies evaluating a particular treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match the key term to its description.
-Compensatory rivalry

Accepted Answer

A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment 
A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment

Question 11

History is an event that has occurred in the past that might impact on the outcomes of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the key term to its description.
-Demoralization

Accepted Answer

A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment 
A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment

Question 13

External validity is enhanced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonprobability sampling 
B)  Conducting the study at multiple sites 
C)  Having a comparison group 
D)  Randomly assigning participants into groups 
E)  Using a very homogenous group of participants 
A)  Nonprobability sampling 
B)  Conducting the study at multiple sites 
C)  Having a comparison group 
D)  Randomly assigning participants into groups 
E)  Using a very homogenous group of participants

Question 14

The Solomon Four Group design helps control for any bias in experiments through pretesting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the key term to its description.
-Regression

Accepted Answer

A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment 
A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment

Question 16

Match the key term to its description.
-Comparison group

Accepted Answer

A)  Measurement of dependent variable following treatment 
B)  Receives no treatment in an experiment 
C)  Receives a new treatment in an experiment 
D)  Measurement of dependent variable prior to treatment 
E)  Receives treatment as usual in an experiment
F) Subjects are assigned to groups by chance 
A)  Measurement of dependent variable following treatment 
B)  Receives no treatment in an experiment 
C)  Receives a new treatment in an experiment 
D)  Measurement of dependent variable prior to treatment 
E)  Receives treatment as usual in an experiment
F) Subjects are assigned to groups by chance

Question 17

When comparison groups are assigned prior to treatment, it is called an ex post facto control group design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Experimental and some quasi-experimental designs establish association through:

Accepted Answer

A)  Using two comparison groups 
B)  Controlling when treatment occurs 
C)  Random assignment into two or more comparison groups 
D)  Documenting the conditions under which change occurs 
E)  Controlling conditions under which experiment occurs 
A)  Using two comparison groups 
B)  Controlling when treatment occurs 
C)  Random assignment into two or more comparison groups 
D)  Documenting the conditions under which change occurs 
E)  Controlling conditions under which experiment occurs

Question 19

A comparison group in a true experiment typically receives treatment-as-usual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Match the key term to its description.
-Testing effect

Accepted Answer

A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment 
A)  Things can happen outside the experiment that change subjects' scores 
B)  Measurement before experimental treatment may change subjects' scores on posttest 
C)  Extreme scores used to select subjects will move back towards the average in subsequent testing 
D)  Competition between control and experimental groups can change scores 
E)  Subjects in the control group may feel deprived of treatment and perform worse on posttests than expected
F) Subjects will drop out of the experimental or control group at rates that change the nature of the comparison between groups
G) Subjects in the control and experimental group are initially different
H) Subjects' scores can change because they feel special for being chosen for an experiment

Which threat to interval validity is not reduced by the presence of a comparison group?

Differential attrition in experiments occurs when staff expectancies create self-fulfilling prophecies.

Match the key term to its description. -Selection bias

Differential attrition in comparison and experimental groups creates what threat to internal validity?

Match the key term to its description. -Experimental group

Match the key term to its description. -The history effect

The maturation threat to internal validity is reduced by randomization only.

Assume that you have developed study techniques that you believe will result in students scoring higher on research methods quizzes. You test your study technique using the following design: Using the diagramed design, what predictions will you make?

Meta-analysis is a method to analyze findings from multiple quantitative studies evaluating a particular treatment.

Match the key term to its description. -Compensatory rivalry

History is an event that has occurred in the past that might impact on the outcomes of an experiment.

Match the key term to its description. -Demoralization

External validity is enhanced by:

The Solomon Four Group design helps control for any bias in experiments through pretesting.

Match the key term to its description. -Regression

Match the key term to its description. -Comparison group

When comparison groups are assigned prior to treatment, it is called an ex post facto control group design.

Experimental and some quasi-experimental designs establish association through:

A comparison group in a true experiment typically receives treatment-as-usual.

Match the key term to its description. -Testing effect

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Exam 7: Group Experimental Designs

Which threat to interval validity is not reduced by the presence of a comparison group?

Differential attrition in experiments occurs when staff expectancies create self-fulfilling prophecies.

Match the key term to its description. -Selection bias

Differential attrition in comparison and experimental groups creates what threat to internal validity?

Match the key term to its description. -Experimental group

Match the key term to its description. -The history effect

The maturation threat to internal validity is reduced by randomization only.

Assume that you have developed study techniques that you believe will result in students scoring higher on research methods quizzes. You test your study technique using the following design: Using the diagramed design, what predictions will you make?

Meta-analysis is a method to analyze findings from multiple quantitative studies evaluating a particular treatment.

Match the key term to its description. -Compensatory rivalry

History is an event that has occurred in the past that might impact on the outcomes of an experiment.

Match the key term to its description. -Demoralization

External validity is enhanced by:

The Solomon Four Group design helps control for any bias in experiments through pretesting.

Match the key term to its description. -Regression

Match the key term to its description. -Comparison group

When comparison groups are assigned prior to treatment, it is called an ex post facto control group design.

Experimental and some quasi-experimental designs establish association through:

A comparison group in a true experiment typically receives treatment-as-usual.

Match the key term to its description. -Testing effect

Science, Society, and Social Work Research

The Process of Social Work Research

Ethical and Scientific Guidelines for Social Work Research

Measurement

Sampling

Causation and Research Design

Single-Subject Design

Survey Research

Qualitative Methods

Qualitative Data Analysis

Secondary Data Analysis and Mixed Methods

Evaluation Research

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reporting Research

Filters