Question 1

Heuristics are used

Accepted Answer

A)  to utilize all available information. 
B)  to reduce complex tasks to simpler cognitive operations. 
C)  typically only by novices. 
D)  only for very simple tasks. 
A)  to utilize all available information. 
B)  to reduce complex tasks to simpler cognitive operations. 
C)  typically only by novices. 
D)  only for very simple tasks. B

Question 2

A decision should always be judged by the quality of its outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

If we develop the habit of writing lists of alternatives on paper, then we don't have to be concerned about the possibility that memory is biasing the decision making process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

When picking 6 lottery numbers, 12, 7, 4, 31, 6, 28 is more likely to win (if the lottery is fair) than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the process of decision making?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decision making is an active process 
B)  Decision making can be stressful 
C)  The quality of decisions needs to be judged on what was known or should have been known at the time the decision was made 
D)  Sometimes good decisions will have undesirable outcomes and sometimes poor decisions will have desirable outcomes 
E)  All of the above accurately describe the process of decision making 
A)  Decision making is an active process 
B)  Decision making can be stressful 
C)  The quality of decisions needs to be judged on what was known or should have been known at the time the decision was made 
D)  Sometimes good decisions will have undesirable outcomes and sometimes poor decisions will have desirable outcomes 
E)  All of the above accurately describe the process of decision making

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to the value of a particular choice to an individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subjective utility 
B)  Objective norms 
C)  Value-added attitudes 
D)  Personal evaluations 
A)  Subjective utility 
B)  Objective norms 
C)  Value-added attitudes 
D)  Personal evaluations

Question 7

I have never heard of the Tokking Contests held in Greece, but I think the Athens Tokkers are more likely to win than the Daliante Tokkers if I use the

Accepted Answer

A)  assessment heuristic. 
B)  availability heuristic. 
C)  recognition heuristic. 
D)  representativeness heuristic. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  assessment heuristic. 
B)  availability heuristic. 
C)  recognition heuristic. 
D)  representativeness heuristic. 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

The tendency to like people who like us is called

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocity. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  entrapment. 
D)  the mere exposure effect. 
A)  reciprocity. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  entrapment. 
D)  the mere exposure effect.

Question 9

Once you have decided on an alternative, it is best not to review your decision because research has shown that the first choice most people make is usually the best.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

We tend to judge information that is easy to recall as more frequent in occurrence than information that is difficult to recall.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Reactance and liking are both examples of the influence of __________ on decision making.

Accepted Answer

A)  values 
B)  personal relationships 
C)  reciprocity 
D)  emotions 
A)  values 
B)  personal relationships 
C)  reciprocity 
D)  emotions

Question 12

According to the law of reciprocity, I am most likely to be friends with

Accepted Answer

A)  very attractive people. 
B)  people who are similar to me. 
C)  people in my classes. 
D)  people who like me. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  very attractive people. 
B)  people who are similar to me. 
C)  people in my classes. 
D)  people who like me. 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

Describe the methods and results of the Smedslund (1963) study examining the decision making of nurses. Explain how the confirmation bias may have led to the results.

Accepted Answer

The Smedslund (1963) study examined the

Question 14

Which of the following represents the last stage of decision making?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identification or realization that a decision is needed 
B)  Generation of two or more alternatives that would satisfy a goal or desired outcome implied by the decision 
C)  Evaluation of "pros" and "cons" of each alternative 
D)  Selection of an alternative or action 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Identification or realization that a decision is needed 
B)  Generation of two or more alternatives that would satisfy a goal or desired outcome implied by the decision 
C)  Evaluation of "pros" and "cons" of each alternative 
D)  Selection of an alternative or action 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

There is a considerable body of evidence that shows that people make better decisions when they use a worksheet procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT true of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  They help us make decisions rapidly 
B)  They are cognitive shortcuts 
C)  Their use is affected by experience 
D)  Heuristics almost always lead to major errors in decision making 
E)  All of the above are true of heuristics 
A)  They help us make decisions rapidly 
B)  They are cognitive shortcuts 
C)  Their use is affected by experience 
D)  Heuristics almost always lead to major errors in decision making 
E)  All of the above are true of heuristics

Question 17

Describe the steps involved in preparing a decision worksheet.

Accepted Answer

Preparing a decision worksheet involves

Question 18

Heuristics are usually used in tasks involving

Accepted Answer

A)  the evaluation of multiple decision alternatives. 
B)  the assessment of probabilities. 
C)  calculations involving mathematical formulas. 
D)  complex judgments of cause. 
A)  the evaluation of multiple decision alternatives. 
B)  the assessment of probabilities. 
C)  calculations involving mathematical formulas. 
D)  complex judgments of cause.

Question 19

The Smedslund (1963) study which examined decision making by trained nurses provided evidence for

Accepted Answer

A)  wishful thinking. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  differences in decisions made by novices and experts. 
D)  overconfidence. 
A)  wishful thinking. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  differences in decisions made by novices and experts. 
D)  overconfidence.

Question 20

Laura's parents refuse to let her date Lance, the boy she met on vacation, because he does not share the family's religious beliefs. Laura and Lance are now more in love than ever! This increased attraction to each other is likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  overconfidence. 
C)  psychological reactance. 
D)  emotional discouragement. 
A)  confirmation bias. 
B)  overconfidence. 
C)  psychological reactance. 
D)  emotional discouragement.

Heuristics are used

A decision should always be judged by the quality of its outcome.

If we develop the habit of writing lists of alternatives on paper, then we don't have to be concerned about the possibility that memory is biasing the decision making process.

When picking 6 lottery numbers, 12, 7, 4, 31, 6, 28 is more likely to win (if the lottery is fair) than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the process of decision making?

Which of the following terms refers to the value of a particular choice to an individual?

I have never heard of the Tokking Contests held in Greece, but I think the Athens Tokkers are more likely to win than the Daliante Tokkers if I use the

The tendency to like people who like us is called

Once you have decided on an alternative, it is best not to review your decision because research has shown that the first choice most people make is usually the best.

We tend to judge information that is easy to recall as more frequent in occurrence than information that is difficult to recall.

Reactance and liking are both examples of the influence of __________ on decision making.

According to the law of reciprocity, I am most likely to be friends with

Describe the methods and results of the Smedslund (1963) study examining the decision making of nurses. Explain how the confirmation bias may have led to the results.

Which of the following represents the last stage of decision making?

There is a considerable body of evidence that shows that people make better decisions when they use a worksheet procedure.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of heuristics?

Describe the steps involved in preparing a decision worksheet.

Heuristics are usually used in tasks involving

The Smedslund (1963) study which examined decision making by trained nurses provided evidence for

Laura's parents refuse to let her date Lance, the boy she met on vacation, because he does not share the family's religious beliefs. Laura and Lance are now more in love than ever! This increased attraction to each other is likely the result of

Thinking: An Introduction

Thinking Starts Here: Memory As the Mediator of Cognitive Processes

The Relationship Between Thought and Language

Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions

Analyzing Arguments

Thinking As Hypothesis Testing

Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities

Development of Problem Solving Skills

Creative Thinking

Filters

Exam 8: Decision Making: It Is a Matter of Choice

Heuristics are used

A decision should always be judged by the quality of its outcome.

If we develop the habit of writing lists of alternatives on paper, then we don't have to be concerned about the possibility that memory is biasing the decision making process.

When picking 6 lottery numbers, 12, 7, 4, 31, 6, 28 is more likely to win (if the lottery is fair) than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the process of decision making?

Which of the following terms refers to the value of a particular choice to an individual?

I have never heard of the Tokking Contests held in Greece, but I think the Athens Tokkers are more likely to win than the Daliante Tokkers if I use the

The tendency to like people who like us is called

Once you have decided on an alternative, it is best not to review your decision because research has shown that the first choice most people make is usually the best.

We tend to judge information that is easy to recall as more frequent in occurrence than information that is difficult to recall.

Reactance and liking are both examples of the influence of __________ on decision making.

According to the law of reciprocity, I am most likely to be friends with

Describe the methods and results of the Smedslund (1963) study examining the decision making of nurses. Explain how the confirmation bias may have led to the results.

Which of the following represents the last stage of decision making?

There is a considerable body of evidence that shows that people make better decisions when they use a worksheet procedure.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of heuristics?

Describe the steps involved in preparing a decision worksheet.

Heuristics are usually used in tasks involving

The Smedslund (1963) study which examined decision making by trained nurses provided evidence for

Laura's parents refuse to let her date Lance, the boy she met on vacation, because he does not share the family's religious beliefs. Laura and Lance are now more in love than ever! This increased attraction to each other is likely the result of

Thinking: An Introduction

Thinking Starts Here: Memory As the Mediator of Cognitive Processes

The Relationship Between Thought and Language

Reasoning: Drawing Deductively Valid Conclusions

Analyzing Arguments

Thinking As Hypothesis Testing

Likelihood and Uncertainty: Understanding Probabilities

Development of Problem Solving Skills

Creative Thinking

Filters