Exam 8: Class and Stratification in the United States

The economic gain derived from wages,salaries,income transfers (government aid),and ownership of property is:

A university professor is promoted from the rank of assistant to associate professor.This results in her being granted tenure and she receives a significant increase in salary.This person has experienced __________ mobility.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why social inequality may increase in the United States in the twenty?first century?

In relation to consequences of inequality in education,compare functionalist and conflict perspectives.

Sarah's father is a carpenter who makes good wages in good Economic times,but is unemployed when the construction industry Slows to a standstill.Sarah becomes a neurologist,earning $345,000 a Year,and moves from the working class to the upper-middle class. Between her father's generation and her own,Sarah has experienced __________ social mobility.

Based on the sociologist Erik Wright's Marxian model,the __________ class is made up of skilled blue-collar workers,which include electricians,plumbers,and carpenters,and unskilled blue-collar workers,which include janitors and gardeners.

A __________ is a system of social inequality in which people's status is permanently determined at birth based on their parent's ascribed status.It is a closed system of stratification.

An estimated 30 percent of the U.S.population is in the working class.The core of this class is made up of semiskilled machine operators who work in factories and elsewhere.

The text points out that,for many years,occupational ratings by prestige have been remarkably consistent.In 2007,which of the following occupations received the highest score in the United States?

Summarize global systems of stratification.

The __________ system is a type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do.

According to the text,India's caste system is based in part on _________,while the caste system of South Africa was based on __________.

For the upper class,__________ often comes from interest,dividends,and inheritance.

According to sociologist Karl Marx,the __________ (working class) consists of those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive.

In 2008,the top one percent of households in the United States received income of more than 1.3 million per year,and the bottom 20 percent earned an average of:

__________ are anything valued in a society,ranging from money and property to medical care and education.They are considered to be scarce because of unequal distribution among social categories.

According to the sociologist Erik Wright's Marxian model,the __________ is made up of a number of subgroups,one of which is blue-collar workers,some of whom are highly skilled and well paid and others of who are unskilled and poorly paid.

__________ is the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others.

The __________ system is an extreme form of stratification in which some people are owned by others.It is a closed system in which people are treated as property and have little or no control over their lives.

The U.S.Social Security Administration has established an official poverty line.The poverty line is computed by: