Exam 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction

A(n) __________ group is a small,less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face,emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time.

A college professor projects a professional image in dress,speech,and mannerisms while actively teaching a classroom full of students.This illustrates what sociologist Erving Goffman called __________ behavior.

A __________ is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.For example,a carpenter (employee) hired to remodel a kitchen is not expected to sit down uninvited and join the family (employer) for dinner.

According to __________,interaction is based on the assumption of shared expectations.For example,when you are talking with someone,you will probably have certain expectations about taking turns speaking and listening.

The Gesellschaft refers to:

Describe role strain and role conflict and provide personal examples of each.

Discuss the influence of status symbols as a component of social structure.

A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs.

President Barack Obama occupies various statuses,including status as an African American,a husband,and a father.However,Obama's status as president of the United States functions as a master status.

Explain what is meant by the sociology of emotions and describe sociologist Arlie Hochschild's contribution to this area of study.

According to the dramaturgical approach proposed by Goffman,__________ refers to the area where a player is not required to perform a specific role because it is out of view of a given audience.

In __________ societies,the division of labor between men and women in the middle and upper classes became more distinct: men were responsible for being "breadwinners"; women were seen as "homemakers."

Horticultural and pastoral societies are more egalitarian than hunting and gathering societies.

According to the dramaturgical approach proposed by Goffman,_________ refers to the area where a player performs a specific role before an audience.

Define formal organization and explain why many contemporary organizations are known as "people-processing" (service) organizations.

Bob lives in the ghetto and believes he has no chance of ever getting out,so Bob does not try.This is an example of the:

A(n) __________ status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice,merit,or direct effort.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,__________ refers to the social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

Define social structure and describe how social marginality and stigma play a role in our society.

__________ statuses (such as occupation,education,and income) are thought to be gained as a result of personal ability or successful competition.Most occupational positions in modern societies are these types of statuses.