Question 1

What are the implications of the bow effect for human absolute judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimuli in the middle of a range are more likely to be misclassified 
B)  stimuli at the ends of a range are more likely to be misclassified 
C)  stimuli at the high end of the range are more likely to be misclassified 
D)  stimuli at the low to middle range are most likely to be misclassified 
A)  stimuli in the middle of a range are more likely to be misclassified 
B)  stimuli at the ends of a range are more likely to be misclassified 
C)  stimuli at the high end of the range are more likely to be misclassified 
D)  stimuli at the low to middle range are most likely to be misclassified

Question 2

Draw an ROC curve and label the axes. Indicate sensitivity and bias. What happens to the curve when z-scores are used?

Accepted Answer

An ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristi

Question 3

As more dimensions are added, the security of the channel improves, but Hs limits the amount of information that can be transmitted.

Accepted Answer

A)  integral dimensions 
B)  orthogonal dimensions 
C)  correlated dimensions 
D)  configural dimensions 
A)  integral dimensions 
B)  orthogonal dimensions 
C)  correlated dimensions 
D)  configural dimensions

Question 4

Which of the following approaches to eyewitness identification tends to reduce false alarms?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sequential lineup 
B)  a simultaneous lineup 
C)  information the witness that the suspect might not be in the lineup 
D)  post-identification suggestions 
A)  a sequential lineup 
B)  a simultaneous lineup 
C)  information the witness that the suspect might not be in the lineup 
D)  post-identification suggestions

Question 5

Consider the application of signal detection theory to alarm systems. What is special about this situation, in a signal detection sense?

Accepted Answer

Signal detection theory is a framework u

Question 6

Can the value of evidence variable X ever exceed the criterion XC?

Accepted Answer

A)  only when a signal is presented 
B)  only when noise is presented 
C)  when either signal or noise is presented 
D)  no, XC can never exceed evidence variable X 
A)  only when a signal is presented 
B)  only when noise is presented 
C)  when either signal or noise is presented 
D)  no, XC can never exceed evidence variable X

Question 7

Which of the following theories accounts for the observed shift in the response criterion over the course of a vigil?

Accepted Answer

A)  arousal theory 
B)  expectancy theory 
C)  sustained demand theory 
D)  arousal theory and expectancy theory 
A)  arousal theory 
B)  expectancy theory 
C)  sustained demand theory 
D)  arousal theory and expectancy theory

Question 8

Describe what is meant by "sluggish beta".

Accepted Answer

"Sluggish beta" is a term that is not wi

Question 9

Summarize the implication of vigilance inside and outside the laboratory and the differences between the two.

Accepted Answer

Vigilance inside the laboratory is cruci

Question 10

Summarize the methods in which are useful in shifting the criterion to an optimal level and briefly describe the four of them.

Accepted Answer

There are several methods that can be us

Question 11

Which of the following results describes configural dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of rectangles does not affect classification of their color 
B)  classification performance is affected by how the dimensions of the height and width of rectangles are paired 
C)  classification performance is not affected by how the dimensions of the height and width of rectangles are paired 
D)  the height of different sized rectangles is easily classified 
A)  the size of rectangles does not affect classification of their color 
B)  classification performance is affected by how the dimensions of the height and width of rectangles are paired 
C)  classification performance is not affected by how the dimensions of the height and width of rectangles are paired 
D)  the height of different sized rectangles is easily classified

Question 12

What does d' represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  response bias 
B)  a non-parametric measure of bias 
C)  sensitivity 
D)  accuracy 
A)  response bias 
B)  a non-parametric measure of bias 
C)  sensitivity 
D)  accuracy

Question 13

Optimal beta can be defined in terms of payoffs (costs and values). Which of the following should increase optimal beta?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the value of a correct rejection 
B)  an increase in the value of a hit 
C)  an increase in the cost of a miss 
D)  a decrease in the cost of a false alarm 
A)  an increase in the value of a correct rejection 
B)  an increase in the value of a hit 
C)  an increase in the cost of a miss 
D)  a decrease in the cost of a false alarm

Question 14

SDT concepts are highly applicable to many engineering psychology problems (Fisher, Schweickert, & Drury, 2006). What are the two general benefits?

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a diagnostic tool that implies different corrective actions 
B)  provides the operator with the ability to focus attention on one dimension 
C)  provides the ability to compare sensitivity and quality of performance 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c
F) a and b 
A)  provides a diagnostic tool that implies different corrective actions 
B)  provides the operator with the ability to focus attention on one dimension 
C)  provides the ability to compare sensitivity and quality of performance 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c
F) a and b

Question 15

In a graph demonstrating typical human performance in absolute judgment tasks, the level of the flat part or asymptote of the function indicates ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the maximum amount of information in the stimulus 
B)  the minimum of information transmitted. 
C)  the experimental results 
D)  the channel capacity of the operator 
A)  the maximum amount of information in the stimulus 
B)  the minimum of information transmitted. 
C)  the experimental results 
D)  the channel capacity of the operator

Question 16

A physician has to weigh the value of human life against financial and other costs when making medical decisions. Rather than consider the values of hits and correct rejections and the costs of misses and false alarms, Swets suggested that physicians:

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore the costs 
B)  develop a ratio of benefits and costs in the form of a statement 
C)  weight the values twice as much as the costs 
D)  ignore the costs and values and go with a gut judgment 
A)  ignore the costs 
B)  develop a ratio of benefits and costs in the form of a statement 
C)  weight the values twice as much as the costs 
D)  ignore the costs and values and go with a gut judgment

Question 17

Sensitivity in a vigilance task is higher when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a target's signal strength is reduced 
B)  there is uncertainty about time or location of the signal 
C)  targets and non-targets are presented simultaneously (rather than successively) 
D)  the event rate is increased 
A)  a target's signal strength is reduced 
B)  there is uncertainty about time or location of the signal 
C)  targets and non-targets are presented simultaneously (rather than successively) 
D)  the event rate is increased

Question 18

When is signal detection theory (SDT) applicable?

Accepted Answer

A)  when there are two discrete states of the world: referred to as signal and noise 
B)  when there are no discrete states of the world 
C)  when there are several discrete states of the world 
D)  when a signal is presented and the user assigns a score to its magnitude 
A)  when there are two discrete states of the world: referred to as signal and noise 
B)  when there are no discrete states of the world 
C)  when there are several discrete states of the world 
D)  when a signal is presented and the user assigns a score to its magnitude

Question 19

A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve plots:

Accepted Answer

A)  hits against misses 
B)  hits against misses plus false alarms 
C)  false alarms against correct rejections plus hits 
D)  hits against false alarms 
A)  hits against misses 
B)  hits against misses plus false alarms 
C)  false alarms against correct rejections plus hits 
D)  hits against false alarms

Question 20

What is the main reason that alarm and alert systems have a low beta setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid the "cry-wolf effect" 
B)  The cost of misses is typically greater than the cost of false alarms 
C)  the base rate of dangerous events is high 
D)  it is an inherent characteristic of automated detection systems 
A)  to avoid the "cry-wolf effect" 
B)  The cost of misses is typically greater than the cost of false alarms 
C)  the base rate of dangerous events is high 
D)  it is an inherent characteristic of automated detection systems

What are the implications of the bow effect for human absolute judgment?

Draw an ROC curve and label the axes. Indicate sensitivity and bias. What happens to the curve when z-scores are used?

As more dimensions are added, the security of the channel improves, but Hs limits the amount of information that can be transmitted.

Which of the following approaches to eyewitness identification tends to reduce false alarms?

Consider the application of signal detection theory to alarm systems. What is special about this situation, in a signal detection sense?

Can the value of evidence variable X ever exceed the criterion X_C?

Which of the following theories accounts for the observed shift in the response criterion over the course of a vigil?

Describe what is meant by "sluggish beta".

Summarize the implication of vigilance inside and outside the laboratory and the differences between the two.

Summarize the methods in which are useful in shifting the criterion to an optimal level and briefly describe the four of them.

Which of the following results describes configural dimensions?

What does d' represent?

Optimal beta can be defined in terms of payoffs (costs and values). Which of the following should increase optimal beta?

SDT concepts are highly applicable to many engineering psychology problems (Fisher, Schweickert, & Drury, 2006). What are the two general benefits?

In a graph demonstrating typical human performance in absolute judgment tasks, the level of the flat part or asymptote of the function indicates ____.

A physician has to weigh the value of human life against financial and other costs when making medical decisions. Rather than consider the values of hits and correct rejections and the costs of misses and false alarms, Swets suggested that physicians:

Sensitivity in a vigilance task is higher when:

When is signal detection theory (SDT) applicable?

A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve plots:

What is the main reason that alarm and alert systems have a low beta setting?

Research Methods

Attention in Perception and Display Space

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Language and Communication

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters

Exam 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

What are the implications of the bow effect for human absolute judgment?

Draw an ROC curve and label the axes. Indicate sensitivity and bias. What happens to the curve when z-scores are used?

As more dimensions are added, the security of the channel improves, but Hs limits the amount of information that can be transmitted.

Which of the following approaches to eyewitness identification tends to reduce false alarms?

Consider the application of signal detection theory to alarm systems. What is special about this situation, in a signal detection sense?

Can the value of evidence variable X ever exceed the criterion XC?

Which of the following theories accounts for the observed shift in the response criterion over the course of a vigil?

Describe what is meant by "sluggish beta".

Summarize the implication of vigilance inside and outside the laboratory and the differences between the two.

Summarize the methods in which are useful in shifting the criterion to an optimal level and briefly describe the four of them.

Which of the following results describes configural dimensions?

What does d' represent?

Optimal beta can be defined in terms of payoffs (costs and values). Which of the following should increase optimal beta?

SDT concepts are highly applicable to many engineering psychology problems (Fisher, Schweickert, & Drury, 2006). What are the two general benefits?

In a graph demonstrating typical human performance in absolute judgment tasks, the level of the flat part or asymptote of the function indicates ____.

A physician has to weigh the value of human life against financial and other costs when making medical decisions. Rather than consider the values of hits and correct rejections and the costs of misses and false alarms, Swets suggested that physicians:

Sensitivity in a vigilance task is higher when:

When is signal detection theory (SDT) applicable?

A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve plots:

What is the main reason that alarm and alert systems have a low beta setting?

Research Methods

Attention in Perception and Display Space

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Language and Communication

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters

Can the value of evidence variable X ever exceed the criterion X_C?