Question 1

What happens when an ROC curve is plotted using z-scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ROC curve becomes a straight line 
B)  the ROC curve becomes more shallow 
C)  the ROC curve becomes straight and shallow 
D)  the ROC curve cannot be represented using z-scores 
A)  the ROC curve becomes a straight line 
B)  the ROC curve becomes more shallow 
C)  the ROC curve becomes straight and shallow 
D)  the ROC curve cannot be represented using z-scores

Question 2

When human operators transmit information along all dimensions of a two-dimensional (or more) stimulus, they must ________ between the dimensions. When they are asked to process one dimension and ignore changes on the others, they are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  separate, dividing attention 
B)  divide attention, focusing attention 
C)  choose, focusing attention 
D)  divide attention, selecting 
A)  separate, dividing attention 
B)  divide attention, focusing attention 
C)  choose, focusing attention 
D)  divide attention, selecting

Question 3

Discuss the difference between sensitivity and bias in conceptual terms.

Accepted Answer

Sensitivity and bias are two important c

Question 4

The ______ the difference between signals and noise, the greater these error probabilities become because the amount of variation in X resulting from randomness increases relative to the amount of energy in the signal.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller 
B)  bigger 
C)  more improbable 
D)  none of the above 
A)  smaller 
B)  bigger 
C)  more improbable 
D)  none of the above

Question 5

A key contribution of signal detection theory is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  predicts the response criterion for a particular individual 
B)  predicts the sensitivity for a particular observer in a particular context 
C)  makes a clear distinction between response bias and sensitivity 
D)  shows that sensitivity is less important than response bias 
A)  predicts the response criterion for a particular individual 
B)  predicts the sensitivity for a particular observer in a particular context 
C)  makes a clear distinction between response bias and sensitivity 
D)  shows that sensitivity is less important than response bias

Question 6

A study described by Swets (1998) indicated that radiologists provided with a "reading aid" (checklist of features and a response scale) were better able to distinguish a cancerous tumor from a benign cyst than radiologists without the aid. In SDT terms, this means the radiologists _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  with the reading aid were more conservative than those without 
B)  with the reading aid were more liberal than those without 
C)  without the reading aid were more influenced by disease prevalence than those who used the aid 
D)  with the reading aid showed greater sensitivity than those without 
A)  with the reading aid were more conservative than those without 
B)  with the reading aid were more liberal than those without 
C)  without the reading aid were more influenced by disease prevalence than those who used the aid 
D)  with the reading aid showed greater sensitivity than those without

Question 7

What is the difference between a signal detection and identification (absolute judgement) task?

Accepted Answer

A)  signal detection typically involves several stimulus states or categories, identification requires only two 
B)  there is no difference-the two terms are synonyms 
C)  identification typically involves several stimulus states or categories, signal detection requires only two 
D)  signal detection occurs at a later processing stage than identification 
A)  signal detection typically involves several stimulus states or categories, identification requires only two 
B)  there is no difference-the two terms are synonyms 
C)  identification typically involves several stimulus states or categories, signal detection requires only two 
D)  signal detection occurs at a later processing stage than identification

Question 8

As more dimensions are added, more total information is transmitted, but less information is transmitted per dimension.

Accepted Answer

A)  integral dimensions 
B)  orthogonal dimensions 
C)  configural dimensions 
D)  correlated dimensions 
A)  integral dimensions 
B)  orthogonal dimensions 
C)  configural dimensions 
D)  correlated dimensions

Question 9

In the experiment by Mackworth (1948), a pointer moved in small jumps around a clock face. At intermittent intervals a target event occurred (a double jump of the pointer). What was the key result?

Accepted Answer

A)  the target event was detected 
B)  the target event was not detected 
C)  it became easier to detect the target event over time 
D)  it became harder to detect the target event over time 
A)  the target event was detected 
B)  the target event was not detected 
C)  it became easier to detect the target event over time 
D)  it became harder to detect the target event over time

Question 10

The quantification of information is influenced by three variables. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of possible events that could occur, N 
B)  their sequential constraints, or the context in which they occur 
C)  the probabilities of those events 
D)  redundancy 
A)  the number of possible events that could occur, N 
B)  their sequential constraints, or the context in which they occur 
C)  the probabilities of those events 
D)  redundancy

Question 11

When humans must identify or classify three or more stimuli at different levels along a sensory continuum, a task called absolute judgment, we find that performance is relatively ____ even when there may be substantial physical ????_______ between the levels

Accepted Answer

A)  poor, differences 
B)  better, similarities 
C)  poor, similarities 
D)  better, differences 
A)  poor, differences 
B)  better, similarities 
C)  poor, similarities 
D)  better, differences

Question 12

A point on the positive diagonal on an ROC curve indicates which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  extremely high sensitivity 
B)  a low criterion setting 
C)  chance responding; i.e., zero sensitivity) 
D)  optimal beta 
A)  extremely high sensitivity 
B)  a low criterion setting 
C)  chance responding; i.e., zero sensitivity) 
D)  optimal beta

Question 13

Which of the following does not affect the amount of information in a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of alternatives 
B)  its probability 
C)  its sequential context 
D)  its salience 
A)  the number of alternatives 
B)  its probability 
C)  its sequential context 
D)  its salience

Question 14

Summarize the major theoretical accounts of vigilance.

Accepted Answer

The major theoretical accounts of vigila

Question 15

Some dimensional pairs, particularly those spatial dimensions like the height and width of a rectangle_______ when they are combined (Garner, 1976).

Accepted Answer

A)  collied 
B)  integrate 
C)  configure 
D)  separate 
A)  collied 
B)  integrate 
C)  configure 
D)  separate

Question 16

Which of the following defines βopt in response to changes in signal probability?

Accepted Answer

A)  P(N) / P(S) 
B)  P(S) * P(N) 
C)  P(S) / P(N) 
D)  2 * P(N) + ½ 
A)  P(N) / P(S) 
B)  P(S) * P(N) 
C)  P(S) / P(N) 
D)  2 * P(N) + ½

Question 17

Sluggish beta refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the optimal value of beta does not change with payoffs 
B)  empirical beta values are affected by probabilities 
C)  as optimal beta is adjusted by probabilities or payoffs, there is a smaller shift in empirical beta values than is necessary 
D)  as optimal beta is adjusted by probabilities or payoffs, there is a larger shift in empirical beta values than is necessary 
A)  the optimal value of beta does not change with payoffs 
B)  empirical beta values are affected by probabilities 
C)  as optimal beta is adjusted by probabilities or payoffs, there is a smaller shift in empirical beta values than is necessary 
D)  as optimal beta is adjusted by probabilities or payoffs, there is a larger shift in empirical beta values than is necessary

Question 18

What are the key results in a vigilance task (consider both sensitivity and bias).

Accepted Answer

The key results in a vigilance task incl

Question 19

Summarize the key differences between orthogonal dimensions and correlated dimensions.

Accepted Answer

Orthogonal dimensions and correlated dim

Question 20

Which of the following is an area of application of SDT?

Accepted Answer

A)  medical diagnosis 
B)  eyewitness testimony 
C)  alarm design 
D)  all of the above 
A)  medical diagnosis 
B)  eyewitness testimony 
C)  alarm design 
D)  all of the above

What happens when an ROC curve is plotted using z-scores?

When human operators transmit information along all dimensions of a two-dimensional (or more) stimulus, they must __ between the dimensions. When they are asked to process one dimension and ignore changes on the others, they are _.

Discuss the difference between sensitivity and bias in conceptual terms.

The ______ the difference between signals and noise, the greater these error probabilities become because the amount of variation in X resulting from randomness increases relative to the amount of energy in the signal.

A key contribution of signal detection theory is that it:

A study described by Swets (1998) indicated that radiologists provided with a "reading aid" (checklist of features and a response scale) were better able to distinguish a cancerous tumor from a benign cyst than radiologists without the aid. In SDT terms, this means the radiologists _______.

What is the difference between a signal detection and identification (absolute judgement) task?

As more dimensions are added, more total information is transmitted, but less information is transmitted per dimension.

In the experiment by Mackworth (1948), a pointer moved in small jumps around a clock face. At intermittent intervals a target event occurred (a double jump of the pointer). What was the key result?

The quantification of information is influenced by three variables. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

When humans must identify or classify three or more stimuli at different levels along a sensory continuum, a task called absolute judgment, we find that performance is relatively even when there may be substantial physical ????___ between the levels

A point on the positive diagonal on an ROC curve indicates which of the following:

Which of the following does not affect the amount of information in a stimulus

Summarize the major theoretical accounts of vigilance.

Some dimensional pairs, particularly those spatial dimensions like the height and width of a rectangle_______ when they are combined (Garner, 1976).

Which of the following defines β_opt in response to changes in signal probability?

Sluggish beta refers to:

What are the key results in a vigilance task (consider both sensitivity and bias).

Summarize the key differences between orthogonal dimensions and correlated dimensions.

Which of the following is an area of application of SDT?

Research Methods

Attention in Perception and Display Space

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Language and Communication

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters

Exam 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

What happens when an ROC curve is plotted using z-scores?

When human operators transmit information along all dimensions of a two-dimensional (or more) stimulus, they must ________ between the dimensions. When they are asked to process one dimension and ignore changes on the others, they are _______.

Discuss the difference between sensitivity and bias in conceptual terms.

The ______ the difference between signals and noise, the greater these error probabilities become because the amount of variation in X resulting from randomness increases relative to the amount of energy in the signal.

A key contribution of signal detection theory is that it:

A study described by Swets (1998) indicated that radiologists provided with a "reading aid" (checklist of features and a response scale) were better able to distinguish a cancerous tumor from a benign cyst than radiologists without the aid. In SDT terms, this means the radiologists _______.

What is the difference between a signal detection and identification (absolute judgement) task?

As more dimensions are added, more total information is transmitted, but less information is transmitted per dimension.

In the experiment by Mackworth (1948), a pointer moved in small jumps around a clock face. At intermittent intervals a target event occurred (a double jump of the pointer). What was the key result?

The quantification of information is influenced by three variables. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

When humans must identify or classify three or more stimuli at different levels along a sensory continuum, a task called absolute judgment, we find that performance is relatively ____ even when there may be substantial physical ????_______ between the levels

A point on the positive diagonal on an ROC curve indicates which of the following:

Which of the following does not affect the amount of information in a stimulus

Summarize the major theoretical accounts of vigilance.

Some dimensional pairs, particularly those spatial dimensions like the height and width of a rectangle_______ when they are combined (Garner, 1976).

Which of the following defines βopt in response to changes in signal probability?

Sluggish beta refers to:

What are the key results in a vigilance task (consider both sensitivity and bias).

Summarize the key differences between orthogonal dimensions and correlated dimensions.

Which of the following is an area of application of SDT?

Research Methods

Attention in Perception and Display Space

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Language and Communication

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters

When human operators transmit information along all dimensions of a two-dimensional (or more) stimulus, they must __ between the dimensions. When they are asked to process one dimension and ignore changes on the others, they are _.

When humans must identify or classify three or more stimuli at different levels along a sensory continuum, a task called absolute judgment, we find that performance is relatively even when there may be substantial physical ????___ between the levels

Which of the following defines β_opt in response to changes in signal probability?