Question 1

Auditory icons use _____ to relate to their meaning.

Accepted Answer

A)  well-known sounds 
B)  auditory metaphors 
C)  a combination of intensity, pitch and timbre 
D)  abstract sounds 
A)  well-known sounds 
B)  auditory metaphors 
C)  a combination of intensity, pitch and timbre 
D)  abstract sounds

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT occur when increasing the space between letters within words:

Accepted Answer

A)  disruption of the unitization process 
B)  reduced memory for the words 
C)  improved identification of letters within words 
D)  reduced reading speed 
A)  disruption of the unitization process 
B)  reduced memory for the words 
C)  improved identification of letters within words 
D)  reduced reading speed

Question 3

Statements that contain negatives _____ than those that do not:

Accepted Answer

A)  are quicker to verify 
B)  are more difficult to remember 
C)  take longer to verify 
D)  are less difficult to remember 
A)  are quicker to verify 
B)  are more difficult to remember 
C)  take longer to verify 
D)  are less difficult to remember

Question 4

The _____ of an icon refers to the extent by which it depicts a real-life object or person.

Accepted Answer

A)  complexity 
B)  concreteness 
C)  semantic distance 
D)  concret 
A)  complexity 
B)  concreteness 
C)  semantic distance 
D)  concret

Question 5

Our perception of printed material is:

Accepted Answer

A)  mostly error-free 
B)  hierarchical 
C)  serial 
D)  linear 
A)  mostly error-free 
B)  hierarchical 
C)  serial 
D)  linear

Question 6

Briefly describe the concept of Team Situation Awareness.

Accepted Answer

Team Situation Awareness (TSA) refers to

Question 7

Spearcons are created by:

Accepted Answer

A)  speeding up a spoken phrase without changing its pitch 
B)  changing the pitch of a spoken phrase (without speeding it up) 
C)  combining an auditory icon with a spoken phrase 
D)  speeding up a spoken phrase to change its pitch 
A)  speeding up a spoken phrase without changing its pitch 
B)  changing the pitch of a spoken phrase (without speeding it up) 
C)  combining an auditory icon with a spoken phrase 
D)  speeding up a spoken phrase to change its pitch

Question 8

The design principle of spatial contiguity refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the scaling of graphics in proportion to their importance 
B)  the placement of related text in the same place 
C)  graphics always following text 
D)  the placement of text next to its corresponding graphics 
A)  the scaling of graphics in proportion to their importance 
B)  the placement of related text in the same place 
C)  graphics always following text 
D)  the placement of text next to its corresponding graphics

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an important component of a warning:

Accepted Answer

A)  signal word 
B)  definition of the target audience 
C)  instruction statement 
D)  statement of the nature of the hazard 
A)  signal word 
B)  definition of the target audience 
C)  instruction statement 
D)  statement of the nature of the hazard

Question 10

Pilotti, Chodorow and Schauss (2009) found that proofreading is slower and less accurate for _____ words.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-frequency 
B)  meaningful 
C)  socially-unacceptable 
D)  visually-degraded 
A)  high-frequency 
B)  meaningful 
C)  socially-unacceptable 
D)  visually-degraded

Question 11

An ambiguous word within a sentence can be guessed using its:

Accepted Answer

A)  shape 
B)  surrounding context 
C)  features 
D)  frequency 
A)  shape 
B)  surrounding context 
C)  features 
D)  frequency

Question 12

Crew Resource Management training refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  aviation-specific training 
B)  training relating to threat detection and management 
C)  training that emphasizes non-vocabulary aspects of communications 
D)  Human Resources process training 
A)  aviation-specific training 
B)  training relating to threat detection and management 
C)  training that emphasizes non-vocabulary aspects of communications 
D)  Human Resources process training

Question 13

______ refers to the user's experience of the icon itself or the object depicted by the icon.

Accepted Answer

A)  complexity 
B)  semantic distance 
C)  familiarity 
D)  concreteness 
A)  complexity 
B)  semantic distance 
C)  familiarity 
D)  concreteness

Question 14

What are the real-world applications of speech perception research?

Accepted Answer

Speech perception research has numerous

Question 15

Tall Man lettering refers to the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in font size for dissimilar letters 
B)  capitalization of dissimilar letters 
C)  increase in font size for similar letters 
D)  capitalization of similar letters 
A)  decrease in font size for dissimilar letters 
B)  capitalization of dissimilar letters 
C)  increase in font size for similar letters 
D)  capitalization of similar letters

Question 16

Comprehension of text can be greatly enhanced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the font size 
B)  connecting technical concepts with the personal experience of the reader 
C)  using a readability index 
D)  providing a general context 
A)  increasing the font size 
B)  connecting technical concepts with the personal experience of the reader 
C)  using a readability index 
D)  providing a general context

Question 17

Golestani et al.'s (2009) finding that bilinguals are better able to perceive speech in the presence of noise in their native language compared to their non-native language suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)  top-down semantic processing to native language processing only 
B)  bottom-up perceptual processing to non-native language processing only 
C)  a combination of bottom-up and top-down processing to both native and non-native languages 
D)  processing limitations relating to working memory capacity 
A)  top-down semantic processing to native language processing only 
B)  bottom-up perceptual processing to non-native language processing only 
C)  a combination of bottom-up and top-down processing to both native and non-native languages 
D)  processing limitations relating to working memory capacity

Question 18

A study by Neisser, Novick and Lazer (1984) found that visual search for a target letter (e.g., K) in a list of non-target "noise" letters was greatly slowed if the "noise" letters:

Accepted Answer

A)  shared similar features (e.g., N, M, X) 
B)  were more frequent in language 
C)  were distinct (e.g., O, S, U) 
D)  were less frequent in every-day use 
A)  shared similar features (e.g., N, M, X) 
B)  were more frequent in language 
C)  were distinct (e.g., O, S, U) 
D)  were less frequent in every-day use

Question 19

The superiority of lowercase over uppercase letters appears to hold only for _____ sentences.

Accepted Answer

A)  printed 
B)  meaningful 
C)  meaningless 
D)  short 
A)  printed 
B)  meaningful 
C)  meaningless 
D)  short

Question 20

Zipf's law refers to the finding that:

Accepted Answer

A)  words that occur frequently are short and words that occur rarely tend to be longer 
B)  words are more memorable when presented in larger font sizes 
C)  higher-probability messages are easier to encode 
D)  the time required to rapidly move to a target area is a function of the distance to the target and the size of the target 
A)  words that occur frequently are short and words that occur rarely tend to be longer 
B)  words are more memorable when presented in larger font sizes 
C)  higher-probability messages are easier to encode 
D)  the time required to rapidly move to a target area is a function of the distance to the target and the size of the target

Auditory icons use _____ to relate to their meaning.

Which of the following does NOT occur when increasing the space between letters within words:

Statements that contain negatives _____ than those that do not:

The _____ of an icon refers to the extent by which it depicts a real-life object or person.

Our perception of printed material is:

Briefly describe the concept of Team Situation Awareness.

Spearcons are created by:

The design principle of spatial contiguity refers to:

Which of the following is NOT an important component of a warning:

Pilotti, Chodorow and Schauss (2009) found that proofreading is slower and less accurate for _____ words.

An ambiguous word within a sentence can be guessed using its:

Crew Resource Management training refers to:

______ refers to the user's experience of the icon itself or the object depicted by the icon.

What are the real-world applications of speech perception research?

Tall Man lettering refers to the ______.

Comprehension of text can be greatly enhanced by:

Golestani et al.'s (2009) finding that bilinguals are better able to perceive speech in the presence of noise in their native language compared to their non-native language suggests:

A study by Neisser, Novick and Lazer (1984) found that visual search for a target letter (e.g., K) in a list of non-target "noise" letters was greatly slowed if the "noise" letters:

The superiority of lowercase over uppercase letters appears to hold only for _____ sentences.

Zipf's law refers to the finding that:

Research Methods

Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

Attention in Perception and Display Space

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters

Exam 6: Language and Communication

Auditory icons use _____ to relate to their meaning.

Which of the following does NOT occur when increasing the space between letters within words:

Statements that contain negatives _____ than those that do not:

The _____ of an icon refers to the extent by which it depicts a real-life object or person.

Our perception of printed material is:

Briefly describe the concept of Team Situation Awareness.

Spearcons are created by:

The design principle of spatial contiguity refers to:

Which of the following is NOT an important component of a warning:

Pilotti, Chodorow and Schauss (2009) found that proofreading is slower and less accurate for _____ words.

An ambiguous word within a sentence can be guessed using its:

Crew Resource Management training refers to:

______ refers to the user's experience of the icon itself or the object depicted by the icon.

What are the real-world applications of speech perception research?

Tall Man lettering refers to the ______.

Comprehension of text can be greatly enhanced by:

Golestani et al.'s (2009) finding that bilinguals are better able to perceive speech in the presence of noise in their native language compared to their non-native language suggests:

A study by Neisser, Novick and Lazer (1984) found that visual search for a target letter (e.g., K) in a list of non-target "noise" letters was greatly slowed if the "noise" letters:

The superiority of lowercase over uppercase letters appears to hold only for _____ sentences.

Zipf's law refers to the finding that:

Research Methods

Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

Attention in Perception and Display Space

Spatial Displays

Spatial Cognition Navigation and Manual Control

Memory and Training

Decision Making

Selection of Action

Multi-Tasking

Mental Workload and Stress

Human-Automation Interaction

Filters