Question 1

It is common folk knowledge that simply smiling can make you feel better, while frowning can make your bad mood worse. What is the scientific name for this idea?

Accepted Answer

A) The facial feedback hypothesis 
B) Embodied simulation 
C) Behavioral ecology 
D) The mood congruency hypothesis 
A) The facial feedback hypothesis 
B) Embodied simulation 
C) Behavioral ecology 
D) The mood congruency hypothesis A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about facial mimicry is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Facial mimicry is a largely intentional and non-automatic process 
B) Facial mimicry does not seem to support accurate emotion recognition 
C) Evidence shows that without facial mimicry, people cannot even see the expressions of others 
D) People are more likely to mimic the expressions of people they like 
A) Facial mimicry is a largely intentional and non-automatic process 
B) Facial mimicry does not seem to support accurate emotion recognition 
C) Evidence shows that without facial mimicry, people cannot even see the expressions of others 
D) People are more likely to mimic the expressions of people they like D

Question 3

When do faces and the information they communicate become important stimuli that a developing child attends to?

Accepted Answer

A) When the child gains the ability to imitate others' expressions 
B) Soon after birth 
C) When the child acquires language for categorizing and explaining facial expressions 
D) When the child gains the ability to crawl, as this helps them understand gaze directions as cues 
A) When the child gains the ability to imitate others' expressions 
B) Soon after birth 
C) When the child acquires language for categorizing and explaining facial expressions 
D) When the child gains the ability to crawl, as this helps them understand gaze directions as cues B

Question 4

Early in an infant's life, what are the first two facial expressions to emerge that have clear communicative functions?

Accepted Answer

A) Distress and anger 
B) Fear and love 
C) Distress and smiles 
D) Approach and avoidance 
A) Distress and anger 
B) Fear and love 
C) Distress and smiles 
D) Approach and avoidance

Question 5

The theory of embodied simulation attempts to explain what process?

Accepted Answer

A) How feeling states in the brain translate to expressions on the face and in the body 
B) How people perceive and recognize the meaning of others' emotion expressions 
C) How the various components of an emotion state-such as autonomic nervous system activity and facial expressions-combine to form a cohesive experience 
D) How infants learn what in the environment is good or bad via social referencing 
A) How feeling states in the brain translate to expressions on the face and in the body 
B) How people perceive and recognize the meaning of others' emotion expressions 
C) How the various components of an emotion state-such as autonomic nervous system activity and facial expressions-combine to form a cohesive experience 
D) How infants learn what in the environment is good or bad via social referencing

Question 6

What is one way in which muscle proprioceptors and cutaneous mechanoreceptors differ?

Accepted Answer

A) Proprioceptors provide constant information about the locations of muscles and tendons, while mechanoreceptors in the skin are more sensitive to changes in pressure 
B) Proprioceptors occur primarily in facial muscles while mechanoreceptors occur only in the limbs 
C) Proprioceptors provide your brain with information about the warping of your skin, while mechanoreceptors tell your brain about the degree of muscle contraction 
D) Proprioceptors communicate directly with the cortex, while mechanoreceptors communicate with sensory nuclei in the brainstem 
A) Proprioceptors provide constant information about the locations of muscles and tendons, while mechanoreceptors in the skin are more sensitive to changes in pressure 
B) Proprioceptors occur primarily in facial muscles while mechanoreceptors occur only in the limbs 
C) Proprioceptors provide your brain with information about the warping of your skin, while mechanoreceptors tell your brain about the degree of muscle contraction 
D) Proprioceptors communicate directly with the cortex, while mechanoreceptors communicate with sensory nuclei in the brainstem

Question 7

What does the origin of smiling have to do with vocal pitch?

Accepted Answer

A) Smiling lowers the pitch of your voice, causing you to sound calm and soothing, which is the auditory equivalent of a smile 
B) Smiling prevents animals and humans from producing vocalizations, so it is a way to silently signal trust 
C) Higher-pitch vocalizations can express friendliness and harmlessness, and altering your vocal tract to produce higher pitches results in a smile-like mouth shape 
D) Smiling in humans and nonhumans is always accompanied by a vocalization 
A) Smiling lowers the pitch of your voice, causing you to sound calm and soothing, which is the auditory equivalent of a smile 
B) Smiling prevents animals and humans from producing vocalizations, so it is a way to silently signal trust 
C) Higher-pitch vocalizations can express friendliness and harmlessness, and altering your vocal tract to produce higher pitches results in a smile-like mouth shape 
D) Smiling in humans and nonhumans is always accompanied by a vocalization

Question 8

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor output to the jaw and sensory feedback from most of the face?

Accepted Answer

A) Occulomotor nerve 
B) Trigeminal nerve 
C) Facial nerve 
D) Voluntary motor nerve 
A) Occulomotor nerve 
B) Trigeminal nerve 
C) Facial nerve 
D) Voluntary motor nerve

Question 9

Which facial expression is adaptive because it increases sensory inputs?

Accepted Answer

A) Anger 
B) Fear 
C) Sadness 
D) Disgust 
A) Anger 
B) Fear 
C) Sadness 
D) Disgust

Question 10

What does the read-out view argue?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a close relationship between internally felt emotion and outward expression 
B) Expressions are largely a read-out of people's desires to influence or communicate with each other 
C) Recognizing the meaning of another person's facial expression involves reading out the expression using your own face 
D) The subjective experience of an emotion arises from feedback from your facial muscles during expression 
A) There is a close relationship between internally felt emotion and outward expression 
B) Expressions are largely a read-out of people's desires to influence or communicate with each other 
C) Recognizing the meaning of another person's facial expression involves reading out the expression using your own face 
D) The subjective experience of an emotion arises from feedback from your facial muscles during expression

Question 11

How are facial muscles special compared to other skeletal muscles in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) They are anchored to the skin, so when they contract, the skin wrinkles and folds 
B) They mostly lack proprioceptors 
C) They control the openings of sensory organs 
D) Both A and C 
E) All of the above 
A) They are anchored to the skin, so when they contract, the skin wrinkles and folds 
B) They mostly lack proprioceptors 
C) They control the openings of sensory organs 
D) Both A and C 
E) All of the above

Question 12

Critics of research on the universality of emotion expression have pointed out how Westernization adds a confound. Which of the following is the best methodological solution to this issue?

Accepted Answer

A) Rather than trying to use facial expressions from a variety of different cultures, only use stimuli from a Western cultures like the United States 
B) Use an open-ended response format instead of forced-choice 
C) Rely on nonverbal emotion recognition tasks rather than verbal ones, since translation is an issue 
D) Recruit participants in a pre-industrial, isolated culture that has minimal exposure to outside media 
A) Rather than trying to use facial expressions from a variety of different cultures, only use stimuli from a Western cultures like the United States 
B) Use an open-ended response format instead of forced-choice 
C) Rely on nonverbal emotion recognition tasks rather than verbal ones, since translation is an issue 
D) Recruit participants in a pre-industrial, isolated culture that has minimal exposure to outside media

Question 13

Regarding the origin of facial expressions, many contemporary researchers endorse an interactionist perspective. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) They agree that specific expressions are the result of an interaction between early developmental learning and cultural learning 
B) They believe that there are no fixed or consistent facial expressions associated with different emotions; instead, each expression emerges from a social interaction 
C) They agree that there are both biologically innate and culturally learned determinants of how emotions are expressed 
D) They believe that the support for universality of facial expression found in the literature is largely the result of increasing cross-cultural interactions due to globalization, rather than being due to any innate human capacities 
A) They agree that specific expressions are the result of an interaction between early developmental learning and cultural learning 
B) They believe that there are no fixed or consistent facial expressions associated with different emotions; instead, each expression emerges from a social interaction 
C) They agree that there are both biologically innate and culturally learned determinants of how emotions are expressed 
D) They believe that the support for universality of facial expression found in the literature is largely the result of increasing cross-cultural interactions due to globalization, rather than being due to any innate human capacities

Question 14

I am a doctor who has just read about the facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) and has a patient with treatment-resistant major depression disorder. What treatment might I try that is based directly on evidence supporting the FFH?

Accepted Answer

A) Encourage her to make more eye contact when she is talking to others 
B) Have the patient hold a pen in her mouth so that her mouth is prevented from smiling 
C) Inject parts of the patient's face with Botox 
D) Tell her to do more enjoyable activities in the presence of others, since this will cause her to laugh and smile more 
A) Encourage her to make more eye contact when she is talking to others 
B) Have the patient hold a pen in her mouth so that her mouth is prevented from smiling 
C) Inject parts of the patient's face with Botox 
D) Tell her to do more enjoyable activities in the presence of others, since this will cause her to laugh and smile more

Question 15

Which of the following statements about research on bodily expression of emotion is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers have shown that people need to see videos of actors with visible faces in order to recognize emotion from movement 
B) Some researchers have identified prototypical actions, like jumping up and down, which are easily recognized as expressing specific emotions 
C) Some researchers have identified features of movement, such as velocity and fluidity, that are recognizable as expressing specific emotions 
D) People need relatively little information presented for relatively brief amounts of time to accurately identify what emotion is expressed in a dynamic body movement 
A) Researchers have shown that people need to see videos of actors with visible faces in order to recognize emotion from movement 
B) Some researchers have identified prototypical actions, like jumping up and down, which are easily recognized as expressing specific emotions 
C) Some researchers have identified features of movement, such as velocity and fluidity, that are recognizable as expressing specific emotions 
D) People need relatively little information presented for relatively brief amounts of time to accurately identify what emotion is expressed in a dynamic body movement

Question 16

When a researcher asks whether evidence exists that the facial expression for sadness is universal, what do they mean?

Accepted Answer

A) Is there evidence that sadness is expressed similarly across human cultures? 
B) Is there evidence that all mammals are capable of experiencing and expressing sadness? 
C) Is there evidence that most cultures display sadness so long as they have a word for it? 
D) Is there evidence that globalization has caused sadness to become widespread in the last century? 
A) Is there evidence that sadness is expressed similarly across human cultures? 
B) Is there evidence that all mammals are capable of experiencing and expressing sadness? 
C) Is there evidence that most cultures display sadness so long as they have a word for it? 
D) Is there evidence that globalization has caused sadness to become widespread in the last century?

Question 17

Which of the following hypothetical findings would most directly support the behavioral ecology view of facial expression?

Accepted Answer

A) A cross-cultural comparison of emotion expressions reveals that regardless of the environment, certain emotions trigger the same pattern of facial activity 
B) When participants' facial muscles are prevented from moving while they watch a sad movie, they report feeling less intense emotions 
C) People were asked to report their internal feelings while their facial expressions were recorded with EMG; the two were highly correlated regardless of the social context 
D) People laugh harder and smile more when they are at a live comedy performance compared to watching the performance on a TV, because they want to signal to the comedian that she is funny 
A) A cross-cultural comparison of emotion expressions reveals that regardless of the environment, certain emotions trigger the same pattern of facial activity 
B) When participants' facial muscles are prevented from moving while they watch a sad movie, they report feeling less intense emotions 
C) People were asked to report their internal feelings while their facial expressions were recorded with EMG; the two were highly correlated regardless of the social context 
D) People laugh harder and smile more when they are at a live comedy performance compared to watching the performance on a TV, because they want to signal to the comedian that she is funny

Question 18

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor output to the facial muscles of the forehead, lips, and cheeks?

Accepted Answer

A) Occulomotor nerve 
B) Trigeminal nerve 
C) Facial nerve 
D) Voluntary motor nerve 
A) Occulomotor nerve 
B) Trigeminal nerve 
C) Facial nerve 
D) Voluntary motor nerve

Question 19

In response to a teacher's challenging question, a bored student replies, ""I don't know."" Which of the following components of his speech would not qualify as prosody?

Accepted Answer

A) The word ""don't"" 
B) The falling pitch of his voice 
C) The tempo of his speech 
D) The apathetic pause he takes before responding 
A) The word ""don't"" 
B) The falling pitch of his voice 
C) The tempo of his speech 
D) The apathetic pause he takes before responding

Question 20

What does the facial feedback hypothesis propose?

Accepted Answer

A) Facial movements that originally served biological functions eventually evolved to provide feedback to others about the organism's emotion state 
B) Facial expressions contribute to your emotional state through sensory input from the face to the brain 
C) People automatically mimic one another's facial expressions using their own facial muscles 
D) Facial expressions are the result of a feedback loop between social intentions and emotion states 
A) Facial movements that originally served biological functions eventually evolved to provide feedback to others about the organism's emotion state 
B) Facial expressions contribute to your emotional state through sensory input from the face to the brain 
C) People automatically mimic one another's facial expressions using their own facial muscles 
D) Facial expressions are the result of a feedback loop between social intentions and emotion states

It is common folk knowledge that simply smiling can make you feel better, while frowning can make your bad mood worse. What is the scientific name for this idea?

Which of the following statements about facial mimicry is true?

When do faces and the information they communicate become important stimuli that a developing child attends to?

Early in an infant's life, what are the first two facial expressions to emerge that have clear communicative functions?

The theory of embodied simulation attempts to explain what process?

What is one way in which muscle proprioceptors and cutaneous mechanoreceptors differ?

What does the origin of smiling have to do with vocal pitch?

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor output to the jaw and sensory feedback from most of the face?

Which facial expression is adaptive because it increases sensory inputs?

What does the read-out view argue?

How are facial muscles special compared to other skeletal muscles in the body?

Critics of research on the universality of emotion expression have pointed out how Westernization adds a confound. Which of the following is the best methodological solution to this issue?

Regarding the origin of facial expressions, many contemporary researchers endorse an interactionist perspective. What does this mean?

I am a doctor who has just read about the facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) and has a patient with treatment-resistant major depression disorder. What treatment might I try that is based directly on evidence supporting the FFH?

Which of the following statements about research on bodily expression of emotion is not true?

When a researcher asks whether evidence exists that the facial expression for sadness is universal, what do they mean?

Which of the following hypothetical findings would most directly support the behavioral ecology view of facial expression?

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor output to the facial muscles of the forehead, lips, and cheeks?

In response to a teacher's challenging question, a bored student replies, ""I don't know."" Which of the following components of his speech would not qualify as prosody?

What does the facial feedback hypothesis propose?

Theories of Emotion

Methods for the Science of Emotion

The Emotional Brain

Functions of Emotion

Self-Conscious Emotions

Happiness

Emotion and Cognition

Emotion Regulation

Emotion and Group Processes

Gender and Emotion

Universals and Cultural Differences in Emotions

Filters

Exam 5: Expression of Emotion

It is common folk knowledge that simply smiling can make you feel better, while frowning can make your bad mood worse. What is the scientific name for this idea?

Which of the following statements about facial mimicry is true?

When do faces and the information they communicate become important stimuli that a developing child attends to?

Early in an infant's life, what are the first two facial expressions to emerge that have clear communicative functions?

The theory of embodied simulation attempts to explain what process?

What is one way in which muscle proprioceptors and cutaneous mechanoreceptors differ?

What does the origin of smiling have to do with vocal pitch?

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor output to the jaw and sensory feedback from most of the face?

Which facial expression is adaptive because it increases sensory inputs?

What does the read-out view argue?

How are facial muscles special compared to other skeletal muscles in the body?

Critics of research on the universality of emotion expression have pointed out how Westernization adds a confound. Which of the following is the best methodological solution to this issue?

Regarding the origin of facial expressions, many contemporary researchers endorse an interactionist perspective. What does this mean?

I am a doctor who has just read about the facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) and has a patient with treatment-resistant major depression disorder. What treatment might I try that is based directly on evidence supporting the FFH?

Which of the following statements about research on bodily expression of emotion is not true?

When a researcher asks whether evidence exists that the facial expression for sadness is universal, what do they mean?

Which of the following hypothetical findings would most directly support the behavioral ecology view of facial expression?

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for motor output to the facial muscles of the forehead, lips, and cheeks?

In response to a teacher's challenging question, a bored student replies, ""I don't know."" Which of the following components of his speech would not qualify as prosody?

What does the facial feedback hypothesis propose?

Theories of Emotion

Methods for the Science of Emotion

The Emotional Brain

Functions of Emotion

Self-Conscious Emotions

Happiness

Emotion and Cognition

Emotion Regulation

Emotion and Group Processes

Gender and Emotion

Universals and Cultural Differences in Emotions

Filters