Question 1

What term is used to refer to coordinated or synchronized efforts by members of a group that lead to a single outcome or change?

Accepted Answer

A) Social referencing 
B) Collective action 
C) Empathy 
D) Groupthink 
A) Social referencing 
B) Collective action 
C) Empathy 
D) Groupthink B

Question 2

Which of the following is not an explanation of the emotion contagion effect that was discussed in the book?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a learned response 
B) It results when people attend to the same stimuli 
C) It is a product of automatic imitation 
D) It is the result of social comparison 
E) All of the above are commonly accepted explanations 
A) It is a learned response 
B) It results when people attend to the same stimuli 
C) It is a product of automatic imitation 
D) It is the result of social comparison 
E) All of the above are commonly accepted explanations E

Question 3

What do the implicit prejudice theory, sociofunctional theory, and Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) theory all have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They all argue that prejudice is more than general antipathy toward an outgroup; rather, there are different forms of prejudice that lead to specific intergroup behaviors 
B) They all argue against the possibility that people can experience mixed emotions about an outgroup, suggesting only basic emotions underly prejudice 
C) They all argue that intergroup conflict and prejudice are the results of human culture and learning, and have no evolutionary basis 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above 
A) They all argue that prejudice is more than general antipathy toward an outgroup; rather, there are different forms of prejudice that lead to specific intergroup behaviors 
B) They all argue against the possibility that people can experience mixed emotions about an outgroup, suggesting only basic emotions underly prejudice 
C) They all argue that intergroup conflict and prejudice are the results of human culture and learning, and have no evolutionary basis 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above A

Question 4

""Canned laughter,"" or laugh tracks, on sitcoms take advantage of what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) Excitation transfer 
B) Emotions on behalf of the group 
C) Emotion contagion 
D) Rebound effect 
A) Excitation transfer 
B) Emotions on behalf of the group 
C) Emotion contagion 
D) Rebound effect

Question 5

A controversial field experiment (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock, 2014) manipulated people's Facebook newsfeeds in what way?

Accepted Answer

A) Some users saw more positive posts in their newsfeed, while others saw more negative posts in their newsfeed, which influenced the emotional content of the users' posts 
B) Some users saw more posts from members of social outgroups while others saw more posts from ingroup members, which altered their social identities and their associated emotions 
C) Some users saw more mentions of topics related to intergroup conflict, while some users saw more neutral content, which altered their intergroup anxiety 
D) Some users saw more posts with emojis, while some users only saw posts with text, and the users 
A) Some users saw more positive posts in their newsfeed, while others saw more negative posts in their newsfeed, which influenced the emotional content of the users' posts 
B) Some users saw more posts from members of social outgroups while others saw more posts from ingroup members, which altered their social identities and their associated emotions 
C) Some users saw more mentions of topics related to intergroup conflict, while some users saw more neutral content, which altered their intergroup anxiety 
D) Some users saw more posts with emojis, while some users only saw posts with text, and the users

Question 6

What term is used to describe the ""tendency to catch another person's emotion and the associated emotion components, such as expression and behavior""?

Accepted Answer

A) Emotion on behalf of the group 
B) Emotion contagion 
C) Emotion exchange 
D) Emotion catch 
A) Emotion on behalf of the group 
B) Emotion contagion 
C) Emotion exchange 
D) Emotion catch

Question 7

Researchers distributed a questionnaire to Belgian and Dutch university students immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. (Dumont et al., 2003) What did the researchers manipulate in order to better understand emotions on behalf of the group?

Accepted Answer

A) They manipulated how much prejudice the participants felt towards Americans to see how it changed their appraisal of the events 
B) The made some of the participants feel afraid and some feel angry about the attacks to see which would lead to more collective action 
C) They got participants to implicitly categorize Americans as ingroup or outgroup members to see how it changed their emotional reactions to the attacks 
D) They told participants that the terrorists had been born in either Belgium or the Netherlands to see whether it caused them to reject their own ingroups 
A) They manipulated how much prejudice the participants felt towards Americans to see how it changed their appraisal of the events 
B) The made some of the participants feel afraid and some feel angry about the attacks to see which would lead to more collective action 
C) They got participants to implicitly categorize Americans as ingroup or outgroup members to see how it changed their emotional reactions to the attacks 
D) They told participants that the terrorists had been born in either Belgium or the Netherlands to see whether it caused them to reject their own ingroups

Question 8

According to appraisal theories, the self must be involved in the emotion-eliciting situation in order for the individual to experience an emotion. How is this relevant to intergroup relations, according to Intergroup Emotion Theory?

Accepted Answer

A) People who do not have a clearly developed sense of self tend to be more prejudiced because the self is not perceived to be affected by others 
B) The degree to which you identify with a social group will influence how strongly you feel emotions towards outgroups on behalf of your ingroup 
C) People are unable to feel emotions on behalf of their social groups; instead, they will only experience an intergroup emotion when they are directly involved in interactions with the outgroup 
D) All of the above 
A) People who do not have a clearly developed sense of self tend to be more prejudiced because the self is not perceived to be affected by others 
B) The degree to which you identify with a social group will influence how strongly you feel emotions towards outgroups on behalf of your ingroup 
C) People are unable to feel emotions on behalf of their social groups; instead, they will only experience an intergroup emotion when they are directly involved in interactions with the outgroup 
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a consequence of intergroup anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A) Anxiety during interactions with an outgroup member leads people to express more implicit prejudice 
B) Intergroup anxiety can increase how homogeneous the outgroup seems 
C) Intergroup anxiety results in fewer expressions of positive emotion 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above 
A) Anxiety during interactions with an outgroup member leads people to express more implicit prejudice 
B) Intergroup anxiety can increase how homogeneous the outgroup seems 
C) Intergroup anxiety results in fewer expressions of positive emotion 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above

Question 10

Members of a social group believe that their fellow ingroup members are hindered in the attainment of a goal by an outgroup. They also believe that they have sufficient resources to confront the outgroup, which they perceive as less powerful than their ingroup. What emotion are they likely to experience towards the outgroup, according to Intergroup Emotion Theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Fear 
B) Anger 
C) Anxiety 
D) Sadness 
A) Fear 
B) Anger 
C) Anxiety 
D) Sadness

Question 11

Whenever Lola sees her mom looking fearful, she immediately notices something frightening in her environment. She comes to associate her mom's fearful expression with being afraid herself, resulting in emotion contagion. Which explanation of emotion contagion does this example best fit?

Accepted Answer

A) Communicative imitation 
B) Learning 
C) Empathy 
D) Expressive masking 
A) Communicative imitation 
B) Learning 
C) Empathy 
D) Expressive masking

Question 12

What term is used to refer to a global negative attitude towards an outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A) Prejudice 
B) Group emotion 
C) Stereotype 
D) Collective action 
A) Prejudice 
B) Group emotion 
C) Stereotype 
D) Collective action

Question 13

Which of the following emotions is not paired with the correct intergroup behavior, according to the Intergroup Emotion Theory (Smith, 1993)?

Accepted Answer

A) Guilt: disdain for the outgroup 
B) Anger: aggression and discrimination towards the outgroup 
C) Fear: avoidance of outgroup members 
D) Disgust: rejection of the outgroup 
A) Guilt: disdain for the outgroup 
B) Anger: aggression and discrimination towards the outgroup 
C) Fear: avoidance of outgroup members 
D) Disgust: rejection of the outgroup

Question 14

What is/are the consequences of the tendency to automatically catch the emotions of people in your social group?

Accepted Answer

A) This process serves as a basis for empathy and perspective taking 
B) Similarity in emotion responding strengthens social bonds in a group 
C) Shared emotions can cause collective action in a group 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above 
A) This process serves as a basis for empathy and perspective taking 
B) Similarity in emotion responding strengthens social bonds in a group 
C) Shared emotions can cause collective action in a group 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above

Question 15

A person is prejudiced towards hippies and is disgusted by them. If they saw someone they categorized as a hippy engaging in the following transgressive behaviors, which behavior would they be most likely to want to punish?

Accepted Answer

A) Refusing to share lecture notes with a classmate 
B) Making fun of other people 
C) Watching X-rated adult videos 
D) The person would want to punish all of the above behaviors equally 
A) Refusing to share lecture notes with a classmate 
B) Making fun of other people 
C) Watching X-rated adult videos 
D) The person would want to punish all of the above behaviors equally

Question 16

Germans who were not even alive during WWII have experienced guilt on behalf of their country. This is best described as an example of what process?

Accepted Answer

A) Social comparison 
B) Emotion contagion 
C) Empathy 
D) Emotions on behalf of the group 
A) Social comparison 
B) Emotion contagion 
C) Empathy 
D) Emotions on behalf of the group

Question 17

Cuddy and colleagues distinguished between two dimensions of intergroup behavior: active/passive and facilitation/harm. Where does physical aggression towards an outgroup fall on these two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A) Passive harm 
B) Passive facilitation 
C) Active harm 
D) Active facilitation 
A) Passive harm 
B) Passive facilitation 
C) Active harm 
D) Active facilitation

Question 18

According to research by Cottrell and Neuberg (2005), what is the nature of the relationship between negative emotions and prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A) Social groups can elicit specific negative emotions, such as disgust or anger 
B) The emotions elicited by a social group will predict people's attitudes toward policies relevant to the group 
C) The emotion that is common to all forms of prejudice is pity, but it is often accompanied by other negative emotions 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above 
A) Social groups can elicit specific negative emotions, such as disgust or anger 
B) The emotions elicited by a social group will predict people's attitudes toward policies relevant to the group 
C) The emotion that is common to all forms of prejudice is pity, but it is often accompanied by other negative emotions 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above

Question 19

A study of mothers and infants by Waters, West, and Mendes (2014) put a group of mothers through a stressful public speaking experience. What happened to their babies when they were reunited after the speech?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical contact with the baby increased the mother's stress even more because she caught her baby's anxiety 
B) The baby was unwilling to be reunited with the mother until the mother's stress levels subsided 
C) The baby's cardiac responding converged with the mother's, suggesting the baby caught the mother's stress 
D) The baby did not appear to catch the mother's stress, leading the researchers to conclude that emotion contagion is a learned response 
A) Physical contact with the baby increased the mother's stress even more because she caught her baby's anxiety 
B) The baby was unwilling to be reunited with the mother until the mother's stress levels subsided 
C) The baby's cardiac responding converged with the mother's, suggesting the baby caught the mother's stress 
D) The baby did not appear to catch the mother's stress, leading the researchers to conclude that emotion contagion is a learned response

Question 20

Which of the following theories of prejudice takes an evolutionary perspective, recognizing that humans are a social species and should therefore experience emotions in response to group-level threats?

Accepted Answer

A) Implicit prejudice theory 
B) Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes theory 
C) Intergroup emotions theory 
D) Sociofunctional theory 
A) Implicit prejudice theory 
B) Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes theory 
C) Intergroup emotions theory 
D) Sociofunctional theory

What term is used to refer to coordinated or synchronized efforts by members of a group that lead to a single outcome or change?

Which of the following is not an explanation of the emotion contagion effect that was discussed in the book?

What do the implicit prejudice theory, sociofunctional theory, and Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) theory all have in common?

""Canned laughter,"" or laugh tracks, on sitcoms take advantage of what phenomenon?

A controversial field experiment (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock, 2014) manipulated people's Facebook newsfeeds in what way?

What term is used to describe the ""tendency to catch another person's emotion and the associated emotion components, such as expression and behavior""?

Researchers distributed a questionnaire to Belgian and Dutch university students immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. (Dumont et al., 2003) What did the researchers manipulate in order to better understand emotions on behalf of the group?

According to appraisal theories, the self must be involved in the emotion-eliciting situation in order for the individual to experience an emotion. How is this relevant to intergroup relations, according to Intergroup Emotion Theory?

Which of the following is a consequence of intergroup anxiety?

Whenever Lola sees her mom looking fearful, she immediately notices something frightening in her environment. She comes to associate her mom's fearful expression with being afraid herself, resulting in emotion contagion. Which explanation of emotion contagion does this example best fit?

What term is used to refer to a global negative attitude towards an outgroup?

Which of the following emotions is not paired with the correct intergroup behavior, according to the Intergroup Emotion Theory (Smith, 1993)?

What is/are the consequences of the tendency to automatically catch the emotions of people in your social group?

A person is prejudiced towards hippies and is disgusted by them. If they saw someone they categorized as a hippy engaging in the following transgressive behaviors, which behavior would they be most likely to want to punish?

Germans who were not even alive during WWII have experienced guilt on behalf of their country. This is best described as an example of what process?

Cuddy and colleagues distinguished between two dimensions of intergroup behavior: active/passive and facilitation/harm. Where does physical aggression towards an outgroup fall on these two dimensions?

According to research by Cottrell and Neuberg (2005), what is the nature of the relationship between negative emotions and prejudice?

A study of mothers and infants by Waters, West, and Mendes (2014) put a group of mothers through a stressful public speaking experience. What happened to their babies when they were reunited after the speech?

Which of the following theories of prejudice takes an evolutionary perspective, recognizing that humans are a social species and should therefore experience emotions in response to group-level threats?

Theories of Emotion

Methods for the Science of Emotion

The Emotional Brain

Functions of Emotion

Expression of Emotion

Self-Conscious Emotions

Happiness

Emotion and Cognition

Emotion Regulation

Gender and Emotion

Universals and Cultural Differences in Emotions

Filters

Exam 10: Emotion and Group Processes

What term is used to refer to coordinated or synchronized efforts by members of a group that lead to a single outcome or change?

Which of the following is not an explanation of the emotion contagion effect that was discussed in the book?

What do the implicit prejudice theory, sociofunctional theory, and Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes (BIAS) theory all have in common?

""Canned laughter,"" or laugh tracks, on sitcoms take advantage of what phenomenon?

A controversial field experiment (Kramer, Guillory, and Hancock, 2014) manipulated people's Facebook newsfeeds in what way?

What term is used to describe the ""tendency to catch another person's emotion and the associated emotion components, such as expression and behavior""?

Researchers distributed a questionnaire to Belgian and Dutch university students immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. (Dumont et al., 2003) What did the researchers manipulate in order to better understand emotions on behalf of the group?

According to appraisal theories, the self must be involved in the emotion-eliciting situation in order for the individual to experience an emotion. How is this relevant to intergroup relations, according to Intergroup Emotion Theory?

Which of the following is a consequence of intergroup anxiety?

Whenever Lola sees her mom looking fearful, she immediately notices something frightening in her environment. She comes to associate her mom's fearful expression with being afraid herself, resulting in emotion contagion. Which explanation of emotion contagion does this example best fit?

What term is used to refer to a global negative attitude towards an outgroup?

Which of the following emotions is not paired with the correct intergroup behavior, according to the Intergroup Emotion Theory (Smith, 1993)?

What is/are the consequences of the tendency to automatically catch the emotions of people in your social group?

A person is prejudiced towards hippies and is disgusted by them. If they saw someone they categorized as a hippy engaging in the following transgressive behaviors, which behavior would they be most likely to want to punish?

Germans who were not even alive during WWII have experienced guilt on behalf of their country. This is best described as an example of what process?

Cuddy and colleagues distinguished between two dimensions of intergroup behavior: active/passive and facilitation/harm. Where does physical aggression towards an outgroup fall on these two dimensions?

According to research by Cottrell and Neuberg (2005), what is the nature of the relationship between negative emotions and prejudice?

A study of mothers and infants by Waters, West, and Mendes (2014) put a group of mothers through a stressful public speaking experience. What happened to their babies when they were reunited after the speech?

Which of the following theories of prejudice takes an evolutionary perspective, recognizing that humans are a social species and should therefore experience emotions in response to group-level threats?

Theories of Emotion

Methods for the Science of Emotion

The Emotional Brain

Functions of Emotion

Expression of Emotion

Self-Conscious Emotions

Happiness

Emotion and Cognition

Emotion Regulation

Gender and Emotion

Universals and Cultural Differences in Emotions

Filters