Question 1

Describe the concept of equifinality.What does this concept say regarding the causes of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the concept of equifinality.What does this...

Question 2

Dr.Tracy conducts an experiment where participants are given a mild shock followed by either a placebo or an opioid.When Dr.Tracy asks participants about pain relief and studies pain-related areas of their brains,what will Dr.Tracy find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the placebo and the opioid drug relieved pain, but only the opioid affected the region responsible for the control of the pain response in the brain. 
B)  The placebo reduced pain but didn't relieve pain as well as the opioid drug. 
C)  Both the placebo and the opioid drug relieved pain, and they affected similar regions in the brain stem. 
D)  Both the placebo and the opioid drug relieved pain, but they affected completely different regions in the brain. 
A)  Both the placebo and the opioid drug relieved pain, but only the opioid affected the region responsible for the control of the pain response in the brain. 
B)  The placebo reduced pain but didn't relieve pain as well as the opioid drug. 
C)  Both the placebo and the opioid drug relieved pain, and they affected similar regions in the brain stem. 
D)  Both the placebo and the opioid drug relieved pain, but they affected completely different regions in the brain.

Question 3

Dr.Tran is explaining that sleep problems can be a symptom of many different psychological disorders.What phenomenon is she describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenesis 
B)  equifinality 
C)  orthogonal causation 
D)  psychopathology 
A)  pathogenesis 
B)  equifinality 
C)  orthogonal causation 
D)  psychopathology

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the unconscious as it is conceptualized by cognitive science?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  implicit memory 
C)  ego development 
D)  vicarious learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  implicit memory 
C)  ego development 
D)  vicarious learning

Question 5

When therapists ask patients how they are feeling and how they are experiencing their disorder today,patients are essentially taking snapshots of their lives at the moment.Who considers this approach incomplete in our understanding of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

A)  lifespan psychologists 
B)  humanists 
C)  cognitive-behaviourists 
D)  existentialists 
A)  lifespan psychologists 
B)  humanists 
C)  cognitive-behaviourists 
D)  existentialists

Question 6

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use the model to explain how one monozygotic twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model is a psycholo

Question 7

Michael and Marie lost their parents in a tragic accident.Marie has developed depression while Michael has not.Dr.Guthrie thinks that the difference is due to the siblings' genders.Which of the following is Dr.Guthrie likely to cite to support her claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men have fewer social relationships than women, which may protect them from additional stress. 
B)  When experiencing a negative event, women tend to ruminate about it and to blame themselves. 
C)  Men are more likely to self-medicate their depressive feelings with alcohol. 
D)  Men are more likely to simply endure feelings of depression, which makes the feelings pass more quickly. 
A)  Men have fewer social relationships than women, which may protect them from additional stress. 
B)  When experiencing a negative event, women tend to ruminate about it and to blame themselves. 
C)  Men are more likely to self-medicate their depressive feelings with alcohol. 
D)  Men are more likely to simply endure feelings of depression, which makes the feelings pass more quickly.

Question 8

Depression and schizophrenia seem to appear in all cultures but tend to be characterized by different symptoms within individual cultures.For example,Chinese depressed patients tend to report fewer affective and cognitive symptoms of depression.What is the most likely cause of this disparity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the perception in Chinese society that the affective expression of depression is self-centred and threatening to the social structure 
B)  differences in diagnostic measures used in different cultures 
C)  a history of oppression, which deters reporting 
D)  genetic differences between individuals living in different cultures 
A)  the perception in Chinese society that the affective expression of depression is self-centred and threatening to the social structure 
B)  differences in diagnostic measures used in different cultures 
C)  a history of oppression, which deters reporting 
D)  genetic differences between individuals living in different cultures

Question 9

Your very shy and withdrawn uncle spent most of his teen years in a hospital undergoing treatment for a severe physical injury.He has been diagnosed with social phobia that you believe is entirely due to his lack of socialization during his teen years.Which of the following best describes your theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-dimensional 
B)  integrative 
C)  multidimensional 
D)  empirical 
A)  one-dimensional 
B)  integrative 
C)  multidimensional 
D)  empirical

Question 10

Which nervous system processes all information received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  the peripheral nervous system 
B)  the central nervous system 
C)  the sympathetic nervous system 
D)  the parasympathetic nervous system 
A)  the peripheral nervous system 
B)  the central nervous system 
C)  the sympathetic nervous system 
D)  the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

In interpersonal psychotherapy,the patient and therapist work together on identifying life stresses that may have contributed to the psychological disorder.What else have these life stresses most likely contributed to?

Accepted Answer

A)  current interpersonal problems that are either the source of the stress or closely connected to it 
B)  the ways in which such stressors interfere with current relationships 
C)  the patient's history of dysfunctional personal relationships 
D)  the frequency and quality of current social contacts 
A)  current interpersonal problems that are either the source of the stress or closely connected to it 
B)  the ways in which such stressors interfere with current relationships 
C)  the patient's history of dysfunctional personal relationships 
D)  the frequency and quality of current social contacts

Question 12

Which of the following is likely if Terry has a more optimistic personality than his brother Barry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Terry will likely live seven-and-a-half years longer than Barry. 
B)  Terry is less likely to have a heart attack than Barry. 
C)  Terry is likely to have had fewer stressful events in his life so far than Barry. 
D)  Terry is likely to have experienced significantly more stressful events in his life than Barry. 
A)  Terry will likely live seven-and-a-half years longer than Barry. 
B)  Terry is less likely to have a heart attack than Barry. 
C)  Terry is likely to have had fewer stressful events in his life so far than Barry. 
D)  Terry is likely to have experienced significantly more stressful events in his life than Barry.

Question 13

Maya has experienced brain damage that has left her with difficulty sleeping and the problem of being hyperaroused.Which area of the brain was most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pons 
B)  the medulla 
C)  the hypothalamus 
D)  the reticular activating system 
A)  the pons 
B)  the medulla 
C)  the hypothalamus 
D)  the reticular activating system

Question 14

Which of the following can be created by placing a rat in a cage where occasionally electrical shocks are administered through the floor,over which the rat has no control?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  learned helplessness 
A)  unconscious learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  learned helplessness

Question 15

Why are behaviour and personality described as polygenic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are rarely influenced by individual genes. 
B)  Both are influenced by many genes, with each individual gene contributing a relatively small effect. 
C)  Both are influenced by a few select genes, each exerting a large effect. 
D)  Both are a result of our genetic structure. 
A)  Both are rarely influenced by individual genes. 
B)  Both are influenced by many genes, with each individual gene contributing a relatively small effect. 
C)  Both are influenced by a few select genes, each exerting a large effect. 
D)  Both are a result of our genetic structure.

Question 16

Because psychological disorders are still associated with social stigma (people tend to think that the disorder is something to be ashamed of),which of the following becomes more likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with psychological disorders will not seek and receive the treatment and support of others that are most needed for recovery. 
B)  People with psychological disorders will be ignored by mental health professionals when they seek help. 
C)  People with psychological disorders will be far more easily treated than those with physical disorders. 
D)  People with psychological disorders will seek help for their disorders but be more likely to receive insufficient treatment than those with physical illness. 
A)  People with psychological disorders will not seek and receive the treatment and support of others that are most needed for recovery. 
B)  People with psychological disorders will be ignored by mental health professionals when they seek help. 
C)  People with psychological disorders will be far more easily treated than those with physical disorders. 
D)  People with psychological disorders will seek help for their disorders but be more likely to receive insufficient treatment than those with physical illness.

Question 17

What has research found about people who have many social contacts and live their lives continually interacting with others?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to ruminate about negative life events less often. 
B)  They tend to suffer lower overall rates of alcoholism. 
C)  They tend to live longer and healthier lives. 
D)  They tend to be at a higher risk for some psychological disorders such as dependency. 
A)  They tend to ruminate about negative life events less often. 
B)  They tend to suffer lower overall rates of alcoholism. 
C)  They tend to live longer and healthier lives. 
D)  They tend to be at a higher risk for some psychological disorders such as dependency.

Question 18

What is emotion generally thought to comprise?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviour, physiology, and mood 
B)  behaviour, physiology, and cognition 
C)  mood and affect 
D)  cognition, behaviour, and affect 
A)  behaviour, physiology, and mood 
B)  behaviour, physiology, and cognition 
C)  mood and affect 
D)  cognition, behaviour, and affect

Question 19

In their study comparing a placebo to opioid drugs,what did Petrovic and colleagues (2002)conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological factors can affect brain function. 
B)  Drugs should not be prescribed for most painful conditions. 
C)  Pain is more of a psychological phenomenon than it is physical. 
D)  Opioid drugs may relieve pain only through the expectation of pain relief. 
A)  Psychological factors can affect brain function. 
B)  Drugs should not be prescribed for most painful conditions. 
C)  Pain is more of a psychological phenomenon than it is physical. 
D)  Opioid drugs may relieve pain only through the expectation of pain relief.

Question 20

In the diathesis-stress model,what does "diathesis" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditions in the environment that can trigger a disorder depending upon how severe the stressors are 
B)  an inherited, subclinical disease state that has the potential for developing into a full-blown psychological disorder, given certain environmental conditions 
C)  an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder 
D)  the interaction of social and psychological influences 
A)  conditions in the environment that can trigger a disorder depending upon how severe the stressors are 
B)  an inherited, subclinical disease state that has the potential for developing into a full-blown psychological disorder, given certain environmental conditions 
C)  an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder 
D)  the interaction of social and psychological influences

Describe the concept of equifinality.What does this concept say regarding the causes of psychopathology?

Dr.Tracy conducts an experiment where participants are given a mild shock followed by either a placebo or an opioid.When Dr.Tracy asks participants about pain relief and studies pain-related areas of their brains,what will Dr.Tracy find?

Dr.Tran is explaining that sleep problems can be a symptom of many different psychological disorders.What phenomenon is she describing?

Which of the following is an example of the unconscious as it is conceptualized by cognitive science?

When therapists ask patients how they are feeling and how they are experiencing their disorder today,patients are essentially taking snapshots of their lives at the moment.Who considers this approach incomplete in our understanding of psychopathology?

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use the model to explain how one monozygotic twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Michael and Marie lost their parents in a tragic accident.Marie has developed depression while Michael has not.Dr.Guthrie thinks that the difference is due to the siblings' genders.Which of the following is Dr.Guthrie likely to cite to support her claim?

Depression and schizophrenia seem to appear in all cultures but tend to be characterized by different symptoms within individual cultures.For example,Chinese depressed patients tend to report fewer affective and cognitive symptoms of depression.What is the most likely cause of this disparity?

Which nervous system processes all information received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary?

In interpersonal psychotherapy,the patient and therapist work together on identifying life stresses that may have contributed to the psychological disorder.What else have these life stresses most likely contributed to?

Which of the following is likely if Terry has a more optimistic personality than his brother Barry?

Maya has experienced brain damage that has left her with difficulty sleeping and the problem of being hyperaroused.Which area of the brain was most likely damaged?

Which of the following can be created by placing a rat in a cage where occasionally electrical shocks are administered through the floor,over which the rat has no control?

Why are behaviour and personality described as polygenic?

Because psychological disorders are still associated with social stigma (people tend to think that the disorder is something to be ashamed of),which of the following becomes more likely to happen?

What has research found about people who have many social contacts and live their lives continually interacting with others?

What is emotion generally thought to comprise?

In their study comparing a placebo to opioid drugs,what did Petrovic and colleagues (2002)conclude?

In the diathesis-stress model,what does "diathesis" refer to?

Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Research Methods

Anxiety,Trauma-Related,and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related,Addictive,and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

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Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Describe the concept of equifinality.What does this concept say regarding the causes of psychopathology?

Dr.Tracy conducts an experiment where participants are given a mild shock followed by either a placebo or an opioid.When Dr.Tracy asks participants about pain relief and studies pain-related areas of their brains,what will Dr.Tracy find?

Dr.Tran is explaining that sleep problems can be a symptom of many different psychological disorders.What phenomenon is she describing?

Which of the following is an example of the unconscious as it is conceptualized by cognitive science?

When therapists ask patients how they are feeling and how they are experiencing their disorder today,patients are essentially taking snapshots of their lives at the moment.Who considers this approach incomplete in our understanding of psychopathology?

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use the model to explain how one monozygotic twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Michael and Marie lost their parents in a tragic accident.Marie has developed depression while Michael has not.Dr.Guthrie thinks that the difference is due to the siblings' genders.Which of the following is Dr.Guthrie likely to cite to support her claim?

Depression and schizophrenia seem to appear in all cultures but tend to be characterized by different symptoms within individual cultures.For example,Chinese depressed patients tend to report fewer affective and cognitive symptoms of depression.What is the most likely cause of this disparity?

Which nervous system processes all information received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary?

In interpersonal psychotherapy,the patient and therapist work together on identifying life stresses that may have contributed to the psychological disorder.What else have these life stresses most likely contributed to?

Which of the following is likely if Terry has a more optimistic personality than his brother Barry?

Maya has experienced brain damage that has left her with difficulty sleeping and the problem of being hyperaroused.Which area of the brain was most likely damaged?

Which of the following can be created by placing a rat in a cage where occasionally electrical shocks are administered through the floor,over which the rat has no control?

Why are behaviour and personality described as polygenic?

Because psychological disorders are still associated with social stigma (people tend to think that the disorder is something to be ashamed of),which of the following becomes more likely to happen?

What has research found about people who have many social contacts and live their lives continually interacting with others?

What is emotion generally thought to comprise?

In their study comparing a placebo to opioid drugs,what did Petrovic and colleagues (2002)conclude?

In the diathesis-stress model,what does "diathesis" refer to?

Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Research Methods

Anxiety,Trauma-Related,and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related,Addictive,and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters