Exam 8: Thinking and Intelligence

After struggling to solve a math problem,you suddenly see the solution.For no apparent reason,the method for solving the problem just came to your mind.You have experienced:

In a psychology study,people are asked which is more likely: an earthquake that kills 100,000 people or an earthquake in California that kills 100,000 people.Far more people will say that the earthquake in California is more likely,even though there are clearly more earthquakes than there are earthquakes in California.This way of thinking is an example of the:

When Xavier is looking for a book to buy,he takes recommendations from the staff at the local bookstore.Even though he sometimes winds up with a book that he does not like,he keeps using the staff recommendations because his strategy is a(n)_____ that _____.

Carol's university puts a cap of $10,000 on the combined aid and scholarship money a student can receive.As a freshman,Carol had received $7,500 in combined loans and scholarships.For her sophomore year,Carol won a competitive $5,000 scholarship,and her previous aid package was reduced by $2,500.According to prospect theory,what will Carol's strongest feeling be?

Theories of general intelligence,like Gardner's theory,see intelligence as being expressed in areas such as math and language.The important difference in Gardner's theory is that the intelligences:

Marco never had to study in high school and he starts college the same way.After his first exams,he realizes he needs to study.He decides to go to the library every night and study for six straight hours.When he cannot study for that long,he does not know what to do and gives up.Marco's approach to solving his problems with studying failed because:

Merle is very good at learning new things,but does not have a lot of general knowledge.Sue is the opposite-she knows lots of things but is not very good at learning to do new things.Thus Merle is higher in _____ intelligence than Sue,but Sue is higher in _____ intelligence than Merle.

According to expected utility theory,we select among our alternatives based on the one that has the highest value,or:

Using logic to draw conclusions from specific events about general rules is an example of:

Research has shown that people do not necessarily believe that "time heals all wounds" when something bad is about to happen to them.Instead,people tend to use _____ and anticipate the worst.

After Hurricane Katrina,many people became afraid during rainstorms,even when it was unlikely that a storm would become serious.These people were experiencing the phenomenon known as:

Itzhak is trying to decide whether to take art history from Professor Nguyen or from Professor Molyneaux.When he looks into the professors' past grading distributions,he discovers that both have given 50 percent As and Bs.However,this information is further broken down: "Professor Nguyen gives 20 percent As,and Professor Molyneaux gives 30 percent Bs." If _____ influences Itzhak's reasoning,Itzhak will take the class from Professor _____.

Your neighbor is upset because you borrowed his car without asking him.He is distressed because borrowing a car without asking is NOT part of our social:

Taking an abstract concept and treating it as though it referred to something that objectively exists is called:

Intelligence is associated with higher performance on which cognitive task(s)?

If the majority of people score within one standard deviation of the mean on an IQ test,the scores may range from:

Which of the following statements about categorization is a problem for the defining attribute model?

The solution to a problem appears to occur spontaneously,through insight.However,it is clear that the solution was arrived at through several steps.These facts suggest that insight involves:

Which one of the following findings is the best evidence that environment plays an important role in determining intelligence?

In problem solving,a person: