Question 1

The relative amount of parental care

Accepted Answer

A)  can affect all aspects of social behavior and some aspects of morphology. 
B)  is virtually the same across the primate order. 
C)  does not influence reproductive strategies. 
D)  is determined directly by dominance hierarchy. 
A)  can affect all aspects of social behavior and some aspects of morphology. 
B)  is virtually the same across the primate order. 
C)  does not influence reproductive strategies. 
D)  is determined directly by dominance hierarchy.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a particular primate mating system and reproductive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  In baboons females compete with other females for mating opportunities with prime males, whereas males rarely compete with each other. 
B)  Male preference can influence female reproductive success in groups where there are multiple males. 
C)  In most pair-bonded species, both males and females care for offspring. 
D)  In polyandrous species, both males and females have equal opportunities to mate. 
A)  In baboons females compete with other females for mating opportunities with prime males, whereas males rarely compete with each other. 
B)  Male preference can influence female reproductive success in groups where there are multiple males. 
C)  In most pair-bonded species, both males and females care for offspring. 
D)  In polyandrous species, both males and females have equal opportunities to mate.

Question 3

Dominance hierarchies are seen in multimale, multifemale groups because hierarchies

Accepted Answer

A)  give low-ranking males a chance to compete. 
B)  let females know which males to mate with. 
C)  mediate male-male competition. 
D)  prevent infanticide. 
A)  give low-ranking males a chance to compete. 
B)  let females know which males to mate with. 
C)  mediate male-male competition. 
D)  prevent infanticide.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about female primate reproductive success is NOT supported by the evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  The longer a female lives, the more offspring she will likely have. 
B)  Past a certain age, female primates stop reproducing, so it does not matter how long they live. 
C)  Younger females have less success with raising offspring because the female is not fully grown and continues to demand energy for her own survival that might otherwise be invested in offspring. 
D)  Among primates, humans are unusual in that females stop reproducing abruptly when they get older and have a potentially long postreproductive period. 
A)  The longer a female lives, the more offspring she will likely have. 
B)  Past a certain age, female primates stop reproducing, so it does not matter how long they live. 
C)  Younger females have less success with raising offspring because the female is not fully grown and continues to demand energy for her own survival that might otherwise be invested in offspring. 
D)  Among primates, humans are unusual in that females stop reproducing abruptly when they get older and have a potentially long postreproductive period.

Question 5

If infanticide is a reproductive strategy for males, then

Accepted Answer

A)  males should kill all the infants already in the group when they take over. 
B)  males should kill all the infants already in the group, regardless of where the mothers are in their cycle. 
C)  infanticide should be associated with group size and composition. 
D)  infanticide should be correlated with a change in male residence or status in the group. 
A)  males should kill all the infants already in the group when they take over. 
B)  males should kill all the infants already in the group, regardless of where the mothers are in their cycle. 
C)  infanticide should be associated with group size and composition. 
D)  infanticide should be correlated with a change in male residence or status in the group.

Question 6

How does the threat of infanticide influence male-female relationships in baboons? Include in your answer a discussion of mating effort and parenting effort.

Accepted Answer

The potential threat of infanticide infl

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominance rank is not a good predictor of female reproductive success. 
B)  Young females tend to reproduce more often than older females because they are in better physical condition. 
C)  Variation in longevity is a major contributor to variation in lifetime fitness among females. 
D)  Females in multimale groups have more offspring than females in one-male units. 
A)  Dominance rank is not a good predictor of female reproductive success. 
B)  Young females tend to reproduce more often than older females because they are in better physical condition. 
C)  Variation in longevity is a major contributor to variation in lifetime fitness among females. 
D)  Females in multimale groups have more offspring than females in one-male units.

Question 8

Which type of social group has the most sexual dimorphism in canine size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pair bonded 
B)  One-male, multifemale 
C)  Multimale, multifemale 
D)  One female, multimale 
A)  Pair bonded 
B)  One-male, multifemale 
C)  Multimale, multifemale 
D)  One female, multimale

Question 9

What is the evidence demonstrating the importance of socializing for female primates?

Accepted Answer

Female baboons must increase their time

Question 10

Female nonhuman primates often begin to reproduce before they are fully grown. Empirical evidence supports the idea that these young females

Accepted Answer

A)  can achieve high fertility and low infant mortality equivalent to middle-age and older females. 
B)  will have shorter interbirth intervals than fully grown females. 
C)  will have lower fertility than middle-age females. 
D)  will not achieve full adult size in their lifetime. 
A)  can achieve high fertility and low infant mortality equivalent to middle-age and older females. 
B)  will have shorter interbirth intervals than fully grown females. 
C)  will have lower fertility than middle-age females. 
D)  will not achieve full adult size in their lifetime.

Question 11

Sexual selection

Accepted Answer

A)  favors phenotypes that help survival. 
B)  produces the same characteristics in both sexes. 
C)  enhances offspring survival. 
D)  favors traits that increase the ability to compete for mates. 
A)  favors phenotypes that help survival. 
B)  produces the same characteristics in both sexes. 
C)  enhances offspring survival. 
D)  favors traits that increase the ability to compete for mates.

Question 12

When male primates disperse, they often move to groups that are nearby because

Accepted Answer

A)  those groups usually have the best females to mate with. 
B)  male primates prefer not to travel long distances alone. 
C)  the cost of dispersal is high due to predation risk and poor access to resources. 
D)  they know the neighboring groups, so they do not have to compete as fiercely for access. 
A)  those groups usually have the best females to mate with. 
B)  male primates prefer not to travel long distances alone. 
C)  the cost of dispersal is high due to predation risk and poor access to resources. 
D)  they know the neighboring groups, so they do not have to compete as fiercely for access.

Question 13

Define sexual selection, and compare/contrast its two main forms: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection is a type of natural se

Question 14

Dominance hierarchies occur among females when

Accepted Answer

A)  females are unrelated. 
B)  groups are small. 
C)  food is particularly abundant. 
D)  food is clumped and defensible. 
A)  females are unrelated. 
B)  groups are small. 
C)  food is particularly abundant. 
D)  food is clumped and defensible.

Question 15

To better understand primate societies, we need to investigate the way primates find mates and care for their offspring. This is known as their

Accepted Answer

A)  social organization. 
B)  social system. 
C)  mating system. 
D)  reproductive strategy. 
A)  social organization. 
B)  social system. 
C)  mating system. 
D)  reproductive strategy.

Question 16

Primate mothers modify their investment in their offspring

Accepted Answer

A)  when offspring can give alarm calls. 
B)  with the mother's need to conserve resources. 
C)  after they conceive the next offspring. 
D)  depending on their mating system. 
A)  when offspring can give alarm calls. 
B)  with the mother's need to conserve resources. 
C)  after they conceive the next offspring. 
D)  depending on their mating system.

Question 17

Primates have longer gestation periods than other mammals relative to body size because

Accepted Answer

A)  they produce smaller offspring relative to body size than other mammals. 
B)  they have larger brains, relative to body size, than other mammals. 
C)  they have access to more nutritive resources than other mammals. 
D)  they do not possess the morphology for external gestation. 
A)  they produce smaller offspring relative to body size than other mammals. 
B)  they have larger brains, relative to body size, than other mammals. 
C)  they have access to more nutritive resources than other mammals. 
D)  they do not possess the morphology for external gestation.

The relative amount of parental care

Which of the following best describes a particular primate mating system and reproductive behavior?

Dominance hierarchies are seen in multimale, multifemale groups because hierarchies

Which of the following statements about female primate reproductive success is NOT supported by the evidence?

If infanticide is a reproductive strategy for males, then

How does the threat of infanticide influence male-female relationships in baboons? Include in your answer a discussion of mating effort and parenting effort.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which type of social group has the most sexual dimorphism in canine size?

What is the evidence demonstrating the importance of socializing for female primates?

Female nonhuman primates often begin to reproduce before they are fully grown. Empirical evidence supports the idea that these young females

Sexual selection

When male primates disperse, they often move to groups that are nearby because

Define sexual selection, and compare/contrast its two main forms: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

Dominance hierarchies occur among females when

To better understand primate societies, we need to investigate the way primates find mates and care for their offspring. This is known as their

Primate mothers modify their investment in their offspring

Primates have longer gestation periods than other mammals relative to body size because

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

From Hominoid to Hominin

Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History

From Hominin to Homo

Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetic Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture Cooperation and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 6: Primate Mating Systems

The relative amount of parental care

Which of the following best describes a particular primate mating system and reproductive behavior?

Dominance hierarchies are seen in multimale, multifemale groups because hierarchies

Which of the following statements about female primate reproductive success is NOT supported by the evidence?

If infanticide is a reproductive strategy for males, then

How does the threat of infanticide influence male-female relationships in baboons? Include in your answer a discussion of mating effort and parenting effort.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which type of social group has the most sexual dimorphism in canine size?

What is the evidence demonstrating the importance of socializing for female primates?

Female nonhuman primates often begin to reproduce before they are fully grown. Empirical evidence supports the idea that these young females

Sexual selection

When male primates disperse, they often move to groups that are nearby because

Define sexual selection, and compare/contrast its two main forms: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection.

Dominance hierarchies occur among females when

To better understand primate societies, we need to investigate the way primates find mates and care for their offspring. This is known as their

Primate mothers modify their investment in their offspring

Primates have longer gestation periods than other mammals relative to body size because

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Speciation and Phylogeny

Primate Diversity and Ecology

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

From Hominoid to Hominin

Oldowan Toolmakers and the Origin of Human Life History

From Hominin to Homo

Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetic Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture Cooperation and Human Uniqueness

Filters