Question 1

Which of the following orientations will likely be favored by theorists of the 21st Century?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconsciousness 
B)  consciousness 
C)  pre-consciousness 
D)  semi-consciousness 
A)  unconsciousness 
B)  consciousness 
C)  pre-consciousness 
D)  semi-consciousness

Question 2

What is the text author's opinion about "correlation and causation"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlation means causation. 
B)  New sophisticated statistical techniques may make "correlation is causation" more credible in the future. 
C)  The experimental method establishes causation without question. 
D)  Carefully done correlational research can establish causation. 
A)  Correlation means causation. 
B)  New sophisticated statistical techniques may make "correlation is causation" more credible in the future. 
C)  The experimental method establishes causation without question. 
D)  Carefully done correlational research can establish causation.

Question 3

In the future, which will likely be the best solution to the "external/internal" and genetic/environment causation question?

Accepted Answer

A)  in view of the recent mapping of the human genome, come down on the side of genetics 
B)  end the debate: it is not possible or meaningful to decide 
C)  come down on the side of environment (nurture) because that is what research results suggest 
D)  suspend judgment until there is more evidence bearing on the issue 
A)  in view of the recent mapping of the human genome, come down on the side of genetics 
B)  end the debate: it is not possible or meaningful to decide 
C)  come down on the side of environment (nurture) because that is what research results suggest 
D)  suspend judgment until there is more evidence bearing on the issue

Question 4

Students of whom are MOST likely to carry Allport's idiographic approach into the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mischel 
B)  Adler 
C)  Sullivan 
D)  Murray 
A)  Mischel 
B)  Adler 
C)  Sullivan 
D)  Murray

Question 5

Who did NOT take the spiritual side of people into account?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eysenck 
B)  Allport 
C)  Rogers 
D)  Maslow 
A)  Eysenck 
B)  Allport 
C)  Rogers 
D)  Maslow

Question 6

Would use of the experimental method resulting in change in people's position along some trait position threaten the trait position?

Accepted Answer

A)  yes, definitely 
B)  yes, but only for some trait positions 
C)  no, because it would fail to produce change 
D)  no, because the change would be short term 
A)  yes, definitely 
B)  yes, but only for some trait positions 
C)  no, because it would fail to produce change 
D)  no, because the change would be short term

Question 7

All but one of the following have been accused of relying too heavily on case histories. Who is NOT so accused?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Jung 
C)  Fromm 
D)  Horney 
A)  Freud 
B)  Jung 
C)  Fromm 
D)  Horney

Question 8

Who was the MOST empirically oriented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Mischel 
C)  Sulliven 
D)  Horney 
A)  Freud 
B)  Mischel 
C)  Sulliven 
D)  Horney

Question 9

The survival of Kelly's "constructs" may, in the future, depend on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  chance 
B)  the prosperity of his numerous American students 
C)  the compilation of much new data 
D)  the continued interest in his theory on the part of British psychologists 
A)  chance 
B)  the prosperity of his numerous American students 
C)  the compilation of much new data 
D)  the continued interest in his theory on the part of British psychologists

Question 10

Which is a problem with "traits"?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will surely be abandoned in the future. 
B)  With the development of the Big 5, their dominant place in the future is ensured. 
C)  No clear line of demarcation can be drawn between traits and states. 
A)  They will surely be abandoned in the future. 
B)  With the development of the Big 5, their dominant place in the future is ensured. 
C)  No clear line of demarcation can be drawn between traits and states.

Question 11

Which is likely in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personologists will give up on trying to relate genetics to personality. 
B)  Sophisticated techniques such as PET, CT, and MRI will prove of little use to personologists. 
C)  Links between biology and behavior, thought and feeling will be established. 
D)  Psychology will become a sub-field of biology. 
A)  Personologists will give up on trying to relate genetics to personality. 
B)  Sophisticated techniques such as PET, CT, and MRI will prove of little use to personologists. 
C)  Links between biology and behavior, thought and feeling will be established. 
D)  Psychology will become a sub-field of biology.

Question 12

Despite the projection that case histories, anecdotes, and unsubstantiated notions will play little role in the scientific study of personality in the future, do they have any value?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anecdotes are too common to be avoided even in science. 
B)  Scientists have succeeded in the past by pulling notions off the top of the head, thus, they will continue to do so. 
C)  Case histories will always be useful in illustrating important points. 
D)  None of these have had any value in the past, thus, they will be abandoned in the future. 
A)  Anecdotes are too common to be avoided even in science. 
B)  Scientists have succeeded in the past by pulling notions off the top of the head, thus, they will continue to do so. 
C)  Case histories will always be useful in illustrating important points. 
D)  None of these have had any value in the past, thus, they will be abandoned in the future.

Question 13

What is the future of "taking ideas off the top of the head"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inevitably it will continue: it is too engrained. 
B)  It is time to abandon notions that have non-scientific origins. 
C)  It is a moot question: ignore it. 
D)  These ideas are harmless, so, lay the question aside. 
A)  Inevitably it will continue: it is too engrained. 
B)  It is time to abandon notions that have non-scientific origins. 
C)  It is a moot question: ignore it. 
D)  These ideas are harmless, so, lay the question aside.

Question 14

How will personality research and theory be affected by neuroscience research in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will not be affected: notions of personality are too abstract to be related to the brain. 
B)  Neuroscience approaches will be tried and then abandoned because it is failing elsewhere in psychology. 
C)  Neuroscience research will not be tried in personality research because personologists are too inflexible to pursue it. 
D)  As in the areas of learning, memory, and perception, neuroscience research in personality will increase in the future. 
A)  It will not be affected: notions of personality are too abstract to be related to the brain. 
B)  Neuroscience approaches will be tried and then abandoned because it is failing elsewhere in psychology. 
C)  Neuroscience research will not be tried in personality research because personologists are too inflexible to pursue it. 
D)  As in the areas of learning, memory, and perception, neuroscience research in personality will increase in the future.

Question 15

How is personality represented by the cognitive orientation?

Accepted Answer

A)  as traits without all the trait assumptions 
B)  as representations of external entities 
C)  as entities that are easier to manipulate 
D)  as processes that are distinctive: unique to each person 
A)  as traits without all the trait assumptions 
B)  as representations of external entities 
C)  as entities that are easier to manipulate 
D)  as processes that are distinctive: unique to each person

Question 16

Which is true of personologists with regard to doing experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is almost never possible to do experiment with personality variables. 
B)  Most personologists rely heavily on experimentation. 
C)  There is no need to do experiments in the study of personality. 
D)  Personologists rarely do experiments. 
A)  It is almost never possible to do experiment with personality variables. 
B)  Most personologists rely heavily on experimentation. 
C)  There is no need to do experiments in the study of personality. 
D)  Personologists rarely do experiments.

Question 17

Who has the LEAST to say about the "unconscious"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sullivan 
B)  Murray 
C)  Horney 
D)  Adler 
A)  Sullivan 
B)  Murray 
C)  Horney 
D)  Adler

Question 18

Which is the situationalist's position taken to the extreme?

Accepted Answer

A)  equating "situations" to physical environments 
B)  claiming that situations determine traits 
C)  varying the definition of situations to fit each specific research purpose 
D)  claiming that each situation demands the same behavior of everyone 
A)  equating "situations" to physical environments 
B)  claiming that situations determine traits 
C)  varying the definition of situations to fit each specific research purpose 
D)  claiming that each situation demands the same behavior of everyone

Question 19

Why is it likely that more experiments will be done by personologists in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be easier to do them in the future due to technical advances. 
B)  Experimental approaches are already pushing correlational approaches aside. 
C)  Finally, the correlational approach has been discredited. 
D)  Much can be learned by creating variance along a personality dimension to observe effects on social behavior, cognition, or emotion. 
A)  It will be easier to do them in the future due to technical advances. 
B)  Experimental approaches are already pushing correlational approaches aside. 
C)  Finally, the correlational approach has been discredited. 
D)  Much can be learned by creating variance along a personality dimension to observe effects on social behavior, cognition, or emotion.

Question 20

Who was the MOST explicit in taking genetics into account?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jung 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Rogers 
D)  Maslow 
A)  Jung 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Rogers 
D)  Maslow

Which of the following orientations will likely be favored by theorists of the 21st Century?

What is the text author's opinion about "correlation and causation"?

In the future, which will likely be the best solution to the "external/internal" and genetic/environment causation question?

Students of whom are MOST likely to carry Allport's idiographic approach into the future?

Who did NOT take the spiritual side of people into account?

Would use of the experimental method resulting in change in people's position along some trait position threaten the trait position?

All but one of the following have been accused of relying too heavily on case histories. Who is NOT so accused?

Who was the MOST empirically oriented?

The survival of Kelly's "constructs" may, in the future, depend on which of the following?

Which is a problem with "traits"?

Which is likely in the future?

Despite the projection that case histories, anecdotes, and unsubstantiated notions will play little role in the scientific study of personality in the future, do they have any value?

What is the future of "taking ideas off the top of the head"?

How will personality research and theory be affected by neuroscience research in the future?

How is personality represented by the cognitive orientation?

Which is true of personologists with regard to doing experiments?

Who has the LEAST to say about the "unconscious"?

Which is the situationalist's position taken to the extreme?

Why is it likely that more experiments will be done by personologists in the future?

Who was the MOST explicit in taking genetics into account?

Introduction

The Psychoanalytic Legacy: Sigmund Freud

Personalitys Ancestral Foundation: Carl Jung

Overcoming Inferiority and Striving for Superiority: Alfred Adler

Moving Toward, Away From, and Against Others: Karen Horney

Personality From the Interpersonal Perspective: Harry Stack Sullivan

The Seasons of Our Lives: Erik Erikson

The Sociopsychological Approach to Personality: Erich Fromm

Every Person Is to Be Prized: Carl Rogers

Becoming All That One Can Be: Abraham Maslow

Marching to a Different Drummer: George Kelly

The Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality: Walter Mischel and Julian Rotter

Thinking Ahead and Learning Mastery of Ones Circumstances: Albert Bandura

Its All a Matter of Consequences: B.F Skinner

Human Needs and Environmental Press: Henry a Murray

The Trait Approach to Personality: Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck

Personality Development and Prejudice: Gordon Allport

Filters

Exam 18: Where Is Personality Theory Going

Which of the following orientations will likely be favored by theorists of the 21st Century?

What is the text author's opinion about "correlation and causation"?

In the future, which will likely be the best solution to the "external/internal" and genetic/environment causation question?

Students of whom are MOST likely to carry Allport's idiographic approach into the future?

Who did NOT take the spiritual side of people into account?

Would use of the experimental method resulting in change in people's position along some trait position threaten the trait position?

All but one of the following have been accused of relying too heavily on case histories. Who is NOT so accused?

Who was the MOST empirically oriented?

The survival of Kelly's "constructs" may, in the future, depend on which of the following?

Which is a problem with "traits"?

Which is likely in the future?

Despite the projection that case histories, anecdotes, and unsubstantiated notions will play little role in the scientific study of personality in the future, do they have any value?

What is the future of "taking ideas off the top of the head"?

How will personality research and theory be affected by neuroscience research in the future?

How is personality represented by the cognitive orientation?

Which is true of personologists with regard to doing experiments?

Who has the LEAST to say about the "unconscious"?

Which is the situationalist's position taken to the extreme?

Why is it likely that more experiments will be done by personologists in the future?

Who was the MOST explicit in taking genetics into account?

Introduction

The Psychoanalytic Legacy: Sigmund Freud

Personalitys Ancestral Foundation: Carl Jung

Overcoming Inferiority and Striving for Superiority: Alfred Adler

Moving Toward, Away From, and Against Others: Karen Horney

Personality From the Interpersonal Perspective: Harry Stack Sullivan

The Seasons of Our Lives: Erik Erikson

The Sociopsychological Approach to Personality: Erich Fromm

Every Person Is to Be Prized: Carl Rogers

Becoming All That One Can Be: Abraham Maslow

Marching to a Different Drummer: George Kelly

The Social-Cognitive Approach to Personality: Walter Mischel and Julian Rotter

Thinking Ahead and Learning Mastery of Ones Circumstances: Albert Bandura

Its All a Matter of Consequences: B.F Skinner

Human Needs and Environmental Press: Henry a Murray

The Trait Approach to Personality: Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck

Personality Development and Prejudice: Gordon Allport

Filters