Exam 9: How Are Factual Propositions Argued

In using the stock issues in factual argumentation, the opponent should determine whether the pattern of reasoning used by the advocate is sufficient to show the probable truth of the primary inference about the proposition.

In opposing an argument made by the advocate, you have decided to use a strategy of denial. You may NOT employ the strategy of denial in which of the following circumstances?

In preparing a prima facie case for factual argumentation, the advocate must

The clarity of the opponent's position is enhanced if it begins with a statement of his philosophy of opposition which previews his strategy and tells the audience in general terms how he will respond to the advocate's arguments.

Extenuation arguments claim that the advocate has knowingly distorted information in building her case.

Although argumentation as inquiry, or knowledge seeking, can be used in value and policy argumentation, it is most commonly used in arguments about facts.

In factual argumentation, arguments about effect focus on units of argument that call attention to the consequences of what has happened, is happening, or will happen.

The opponent must always respond to the advocate's preemptive arguments, even if they are straw man arguments.

arguments focus on the circumstances surrounding the facts and are used by the opponent to suggests that the advocate has a limited understanding of these circumstances.

In arguing propositions of fact, as an opponent you have two strategies for responding to the advocate's arguments, denial and extenuation. What must you examine to decide whether strategies of denial and extenuation will be appropriate for refuting the advocate's arguments?

In developing arguments to advocate and oppose a proposition of fact, how should you use the stock issues for analyzing factual propositions?

As an advocate developing a prima facie case for your proposition of fact, you must develop arguments of significance to support your main points. Significance often is a way of focusing on this element of the analysis of propositions. What is it that draws our attention to a subject or controversy and are often what gives it significance?

In factual argumentation, arguments about inherency focus on calling the audience's attention to the consequences of what happened, is happening, or will happen.

As you investigate the historical background of a factual proposition, collect sufficient research and commentary by experts in the field to give you an understanding of the topic.

Denial arguments suggest the advocate's argument is weak because it overlooks certain important facts which the opponent provides.

Although the advocate must consider presumption in building a prima facie case in factual argumentation, the opponent need not consider it in determining what to argue and how to argue it.

What purpose do the stock issues for factual argumentation serve?

What can factual argumentation be used to accomplish?

In factual argumentation, presumption

A pre-emptive argument establishes the probability of something being true in the future.