Exam 10: How Are Propositions of Value Argued

Value criteria constitute the attributes something or someone must possess in order to be thought of as "beneficial," "harmful," or "effective."

In resolving the conflict between values framed by a proposition in his or her favor, the advocate should attempt to prove that the value he or she favors does which of the following?

In value argumentation, the use of multiple value criteria by the advocate automatically means that while each is a necessary condition for judging the value object in a particular way, none of them is sufficient by itself to warrant such a judgment.

Value argumentation is almost exclusively concerned with making aesthetic judgments about artistic works using sets of critical standards from fields such a theatre, music, painting, and dance.

In value argumentation, arguments about effect are related to measuring the magnitude, severity, frequency, or consequences with which the significance occurs.

As an opponent in value argumentation, you have the strategic option of challenging the advocate's criteria. In using this strategy, which of the following could you NOT do?

A value hierarchy is a set of attitudes and core values shared by members of a field or an audience.

In value argumentation, what does the inherency argument do?

A society's value system may undergo change when what takes place?

In establishing a prima facie position on the proposition "Pittsburgh is the most livable city in the United States," it would be necessary to offer arguments on all of the following areas except

In order to complete our argumentation about the cultural and recreational advantages of Pittsburgh, we might advance a final unit of argument ending in the claim, "therefore of the nation's 329 metropolitan areas, only Pittsburgh's city commission provides financial support for the arts," we are arguing the claim of

Of course we would have to prove more than just a large number of cultural and recreational opportunities are found in Pittsburgh. If we advanced another unit of argument ending in the claim, "therefore, having access to cultural and recreational opportunities enhances the quality of life," we are most likely arguing the claim of

As an opponent in value argumentation, you may shift ground without committing a fallacy when you ask the audience to view the value object from the position of a different value hierarchy than the one proposed by the advocate.

As an advocate, you may attempt to resolve a value conflict by creating a decision rule. Which of the following would NOT be one of these decision rules?

One strategic option the opponent always has available is the ability to argue that a value other than that suggested by the advocate should occupy the pinnacle of the hierarchy of values.

In value argumentation, if the significance of the effect is not inherent to the fundamental nature of the value object, then measurement of the value object by the criterion is invalid.

In value argumentation, the opponent need not concern himself with analyzing the proposition.

The factor which is most likely to bring about a change in societal values as a result of resistance by large numbers of people is termed

Value change that occurs when the environment changes in a way that causes an existing value to become more or less important physiologically or psychologically is termed

The criteria development case uses an existing framework of values that is applied to the value object.