Exam 1: Introduction to the Immune System

During a humoral immune response to a newly encountered bacterial infection, B cells are first stimulated to proliferate and then secrete antibodies specific for the bacterium. The antibodies may then bind to the bacteria and facilitate ingestion of the microbes by phagocytic cells. In what phase of the humoral immune response does the binding of secreted antibodies to bacteria occur?

The estimated number of distinct structures that can be recognized by the mammalian adaptive immune system is

Which of the following best describes clonal expansion in adaptive immune responses?

Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first successful vaccination?

A vaccine administered in the autumn of one year may protect against the prevalent strain of influenza virus that originated in Hong Kong that same year, but it will not protect against another strain of influenza virus that originated in Russia. This phenomenon illustrates which property of the adaptive immune system?

Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune responses?

Which of the following statements is consistent with the process of clonal selection?

The principal function of the immune system is:

A previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper respiratory tract virus for the first time. During the first few hours of infection, which one of the following events occurs?

Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which two types of immunity?

Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?

Which of the following statements best describes the "two-signal requirement" for naive lymphocyte activation?

In addition to T cells, which cell type is required for initiation of all T cell-mediated immune responses?

A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a possibility that the animal was infected with the rabies virus, is administration of human immunoglobulin preparations containing anti-rabies virus antibodies. Which type of immunity would be established by this treatment?

At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). At age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that has not been vaccinated and she is exposed to measles. Despite the exposure, she does not become infected. Which of the following properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this scenario?

The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are: