Question 1

EBDM is now possible due primarily to which factor(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientific databases 
B)  Computer access 
C)  Information explosion 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  Scientific databases 
B)  Computer access 
C)  Information explosion 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c D

Question 2

Which of the following describes a clinical practice guideline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary evidence 
B)  Incorporates scientific evidence from SRs and MAs 
C)  A panel of experts makes specific recommendations 
D)  Intended to translate the research into practical applications 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Secondary evidence 
B)  Incorporates scientific evidence from SRs and MAs 
C)  A panel of experts makes specific recommendations 
D)  Intended to translate the research into practical applications 
E)  All of the above E

Question 3

Characteristics of nonexperimental research include:

Accepted Answer

A)  making observations between exposures and diseases. 
B)  ability to conduct studies prospectively. 
C)  ability to conduct studies retrospectively. 
D)  both a and c. 
E)  options a, b, and c. 
A)  making observations between exposures and diseases. 
B)  ability to conduct studies prospectively. 
C)  ability to conduct studies retrospectively. 
D)  both a and c. 
E)  options a, b, and c. E

Question 4

Characteristics of experimental studies include:

Accepted Answer

A)  testing cause and effect. 
B)  describing already existing conditions. 
C)  testing potentially harmful substances. 
D)  both b and c. 
E)  options a, b, and c. 
A)  testing cause and effect. 
B)  describing already existing conditions. 
C)  testing potentially harmful substances. 
D)  both b and c. 
E)  options a, b, and c.

Question 5

Select the PICO component that is either missing or incomplete from this question: For a client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease, will antimicrobial therapy (minocycline HCI) with scaling and root planning, as compared to antimicrobial therapy alone, be more effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  P (present and complete: client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease) 
B)  I (present and complete: antimicrobial therapy [minocycline HCI] with scaling and root planning) 
C)  C (present and complete: antimicrobial therapy alone) 
D)  O (incomplete, more effective in doing what should be specified [e.g., more effective in stopping the progression of attachment loss]) 
E)  No component is missing/incomplete 
A)  P (present and complete: client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease) 
B)  I (present and complete: antimicrobial therapy [minocycline HCI] with scaling and root planning) 
C)  C (present and complete: antimicrobial therapy alone) 
D)  O (incomplete, more effective in doing what should be specified [e.g., more effective in stopping the progression of attachment loss]) 
E)  No component is missing/incomplete

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: What you plan to do
Main concern or chief complaint
Alternative
Measurable result

Accepted Answer

The Answer of O and C and I and P is...

Question 7

Which of the PubMed clinical queries options finds citations such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, reviews of clinical trials, and consensus development conferences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinical study categories: Therapy and Narrow scope 
B)  Clinical study categories: Therapy and Broad scope 
C)  Systemic reviews 
D)  Medical genetics searches 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  Clinical study categories: Therapy and Narrow scope 
B)  Clinical study categories: Therapy and Broad scope 
C)  Systemic reviews 
D)  Medical genetics searches 
E)  Both a and b

Question 8

Which of the following can generate questions in practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Client care issues 
B)  Client clinical condition 
C)  Clinical problems 
D)  Clinician's interest 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Client care issues 
B)  Client clinical condition 
C)  Clinical problems 
D)  Clinician's interest 
E)  All of the above

Question 9

Primary research includes all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental studies. 
B)  observational studies. 
C)  systematic reviews. 
D)  case control studies. 
E)  cohort studies. 
A)  experimental studies. 
B)  observational studies. 
C)  systematic reviews. 
D)  case control studies. 
E)  cohort studies.

Question 10

Being a good consumer of research literature means you:

Accepted Answer

A)  understand what you are reading. 
B)  can identify the level of evidence. 
C)  know how much confidence you can put into the findings. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
E)  Options a, b, and c are correct. 
A)  understand what you are reading. 
B)  can identify the level of evidence. 
C)  know how much confidence you can put into the findings. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
E)  Options a, b, and c are correct.

Question 11

Benefits of using PubMed include:

Accepted Answer

A)  the clinical queries feature. 
B)  using evidence-based filters to retrieve articles. 
C)  searching electronically across hundreds of journals at the same time. 
D)  finding relevant clinical evidence when it's needed. 
E)  all of the above. 
A)  the clinical queries feature. 
B)  using evidence-based filters to retrieve articles. 
C)  searching electronically across hundreds of journals at the same time. 
D)  finding relevant clinical evidence when it's needed. 
E)  all of the above.

Question 12

Characteristics of secondary research include the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  filtered, preappraised research. 
B)  meta-analyses. 
C)  systematic reviews. 
D)  case reports. 
E)  research on already conducted research. 
A)  filtered, preappraised research. 
B)  meta-analyses. 
C)  systematic reviews. 
D)  case reports. 
E)  research on already conducted research.

Question 13

Which of the following organizations is solely dedicated to producing systematic reviews?

Accepted Answer

A)  American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 
B)  American Academy of Periodontology 
C)  American Dental Association 
D)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
E)  Cochrane Collaboration 
A)  American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 
B)  American Academy of Periodontology 
C)  American Dental Association 
D)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
E)  Cochrane Collaboration

Question 14

Put the levels of evidence order of their ability to demonstrate causality and limit bias, with answer 1 as the highest level and 5 as the lowest level.
A) Case control study
B) Cohort study
C) Systematic review
D) Randomized controlled trial
E) Case report
1) 1
2) 2
3) 3
4) 4
5) 5

Accepted Answer

1. C 
2.D

Question 15

Which of the following are considered Level 1 evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  RCTs, systematic reviews, case reports 
B)  Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies 
C)  RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses 
D)  RCTs, cohort studies, case control studies 
E)  Case series, case control studies, RCTs 
A)  RCTs, systematic reviews, case reports 
B)  Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies 
C)  RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses 
D)  RCTs, cohort studies, case control studies 
E)  Case series, case control studies, RCTs

Question 16

The purpose of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasize new research findings. 
B)  close the gap between research and practice. 
C)  defer to clients' wishes. 
D)  use expert opinions. 
E)  do none of the above. 
A)  emphasize new research findings. 
B)  close the gap between research and practice. 
C)  defer to clients' wishes. 
D)  use expert opinions. 
E)  do none of the above.

Question 17

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence alone does not tell practitioners what to do. 
B)  All evidence is equal on the hierarchy. 
C)  The number of studies increase as you move up the hierarchy. 
D)  The clinical relevance of studies decreases as you move up the hierarchy. 
E)  None of the above are true statements. 
A)  Evidence alone does not tell practitioners what to do. 
B)  All evidence is equal on the hierarchy. 
C)  The number of studies increase as you move up the hierarchy. 
D)  The clinical relevance of studies decreases as you move up the hierarchy. 
E)  None of the above are true statements.

Question 18

The first step in the EBDM process is:

Accepted Answer

A)  finding the best evidence. 
B)  applying the results to client care. 
C)  asking a good clinical question. 
D)  evaluating the results. 
E)  critically appraising the evidence. 
A)  finding the best evidence. 
B)  applying the results to client care. 
C)  asking a good clinical question. 
D)  evaluating the results. 
E)  critically appraising the evidence.

Question 19

The AHA Guidelines on Prevention of Infective Endocarditis changed most recently because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  more people dying from dental procedures. 
B)  quality of evidence. 
C)  dental professionals not following the guidelines. 
D)  client compliance. 
E)  a change in medications available. 
A)  more people dying from dental procedures. 
B)  quality of evidence. 
C)  dental professionals not following the guidelines. 
D)  client compliance. 
E)  a change in medications available.

Question 20

Critical analysis requires that you understand:

Accepted Answer

A)  research design and level of evidence. 
B)  statistical and clinical significance. 
C)  formulating a PICO question. 
D)  both a and b. 
E)  both b and c. 
A)  research design and level of evidence. 
B)  statistical and clinical significance. 
C)  formulating a PICO question. 
D)  both a and b. 
E)  both b and c.

Exam 3: Evidence-Based Decision Making

EBDM is now possible due primarily to which factor(s)?

Which of the following describes a clinical practice guideline?

Characteristics of nonexperimental research include:

Characteristics of experimental studies include:

Select the PICO component that is either missing or incomplete from this question: For a client with attachment and bone loss due to periodontal disease, will antimicrobial therapy (minocycline HCI) with scaling and root planning, as compared to antimicrobial therapy alone, be more effective?

Which of the PubMed clinical queries options finds citations such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, reviews of clinical trials, and consensus development conferences?

Which of the following can generate questions in practice?

Primary research includes all of the following except:

Being a good consumer of research literature means you:

Benefits of using PubMed include:

Characteristics of secondary research include the following except:

Which of the following organizations is solely dedicated to producing systematic reviews?

Put the levels of evidence order of their ability to demonstrate causality and limit bias, with answer 1 as the highest level and 5 as the lowest level. A) Case control study B) Cohort study C) Systematic review D) Randomized controlled trial E) Case report 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 5

Which of the following are considered Level 1 evidence?

The purpose of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) is to:

Which of the following is a true statement?

The first step in the EBDM process is:

The AHA Guidelines on Prevention of Infective Endocarditis changed most recently because of:

Critical analysis requires that you understand:

The Dental Hygiene Profession

Human Needs Theory and Dental Hygiene Care

Health and Health Promotion

Changing Behaviors

Cultural Competence

Professional Portfolios

The Dental Hygiene Care Environment

Infection Control

Medical Emergencies

Ergonomics

The Health History

Vital Signs

Pharmacologic History

Extraoral and Intraoral Clinical Assessment

Dentition Assessment

Oral Hygiene Assessment: Soft and Hard Deposits

Dental Caries Management by Risk Assessment

Periodontal and Risk Assessment

Potential Impact of Periodontal Infections on Overall General Health

Dental Hygiene Diagnosis

Dental Hygiene Care Plan, Evaluation, and Documentation

Toothbrushing

Mechanical Oral Biofilm Control: Interdental and Supplemental Self-Care Devices

Dentifrices

Hand-Activated Instrumentation

Ultrasonic Instrumentation

Root Morphology and Instrumentation Implications

Stain Management and Tooth Whitening

Decision Making Related to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy

Chemotherapy for the Control of Periodontitis

Acute Gingival and Periodontal Conditions, Lesions of Endodontic Origin, and Avulsed Teeth

Fluorides, Chlorhexidine, Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Xylitol

Pit and Fissure Sealants

Nutritional Counseling

Tobacco Cessation

Impressions, Study Casts, and Oral Appliances

Restorative Therapy

Dental Hypersensitivity Management

Local Anesthesia

Nitrous Oxideoxygen Analgesia

Persons With Disabilities

Cardiovascular Disease

Diabetes Mellitus

Oral Care of Persons With Cancer

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Persons With Neurologic and Sensory Deficits

Persons With Autoimmune Diseases

Renal Disease and Organ Transplantation

Respiratory Diseases

Cognitively and Developmentally Challenged Persons

Alcohol and Substance Abuse Problems

Eating Disorders

Womens Health and the Health of Their Children

The Older Adult

Persons With Fixed and Removable Dental Prostheses

Orofacial Clefts and Fractured Jaw

Osseointegrated Dental Implants

Persons With Orthodontic Appliances

Abuse and Neglect

Palliative Oral Care