Exam 51: Cognitively and Developmentally Challenged Persons

When planning oral hygiene interventions for clients with severe or profound ID, the caregiver should be included. Clients with severe ID can learn by habit training but need follow-up by the caregiver.

The American Dental Hygienists Association (ADHA) Code of Ethics states that clients should be treated without discrimination. Dental hygienists who are ill-prepared to treat these clients should seek continuing education opportunities and/or refer the client so that high-quality care can be rendered.

All of the following are strategies for establishing a trusting relationship with ID clients except:

Prevalence of periodontal disease in the intellectual disability (ID) population is attributed to:

A severe gag reflex may be managed by eliminating the use of toothpaste to reduce gagging and provide better vision for the caregiver. Water, an ADA-accepted antimicrobial mouth rinse, or an ingestible or low-foaming dentifrice can be used in place of toothpaste.

Clients with Down syndrome are given the same treatment options as other clients. Treatment objectives must be limited simply because the client has Down syndrome.

When developing oral hygiene skills in a client with ID, teach based on the client's chronologic age, not mental age.

Almost all clients with Down syndrome must be preoperatively medicated prior to dental treatment. When care requires a general anesthetic agent, a thorough health history review is imperative, and all possible needs should be met while the person is anesthetized.

When selecting a toothbrush for clients with disabilities the dental hygienist must take into account all of the following except:

Many persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities rely on government-funded sources for income and financing healthcare; therefore, access to care is a real problem.

Individuals with Down syndrome have a high incidence of periodontal disease that can begin as early as age 6, and by adulthood nearly all people with Down syndrome are affected.

The most severe form of autism in which the person has difficulty talking and relating to others and the environment and displays compulsive, ritualistic behaviors are referred to as:

When treating ASD children, the dental hygienist should try to alleviate fear of dental instruments by:

Employing the show-tell-do method of teaching fundamental skills is recommended for clients with:

The language of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists mainly of naming nouns and adjectives that identify objects and indicating colors and numbers that represent nothing specific. This type of language is referred to as:

Rewards can be used to reinforce positive behavior in clients with Intellectual disabilities, all of the following are examples of social rewards except:

Clients with mild ID are not educable, so explain and demonstrate oral hygiene instructions based on activities instead of concepts.

Down syndrome is the most common and frequently observed chromosomal abnormality in humans and incidence is correlated with increased maternal age.

Most children with ASD avoid communicating with:

Caregivers are encouraged to be present during treatment for clients with autism spectrum disorders, because a familiar face may be necessary and particularly if immobilization is needed for behavior control.