Question 1

Researchers who are primarily interested in a topic where little is known may find the best approach to be the use of ___________ methods.

Accepted Answer

A)  quantitative 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  qualitative 
D)  quasi-experimental 
A)  quantitative 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  qualitative 
D)  quasi-experimental

Question 2

Based on Topic 3, The Role of Theory in Research, which of these represent the relationship between theory and research:

Accepted Answer

A)  theory is completed before research 
B)  research is completed before theory 
C)  research and theory are independent 
D)  research and theory are interdependent 
A)  theory is completed before research 
B)  research is completed before theory 
C)  research and theory are independent 
D)  research and theory are interdependent

Question 3

What key qualities determine whether work counts as "research" that is reviewed for ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  "systematic" and "generalizable" 
B)  "systematic" and "educational" 
C)  "educational" and "published" 
D)  "private" and "published" 
A)  "systematic" and "generalizable" 
B)  "systematic" and "educational" 
C)  "educational" and "published" 
D)  "private" and "published"

Question 4

What, if anything, is considered when managing potential harms to participants in a research plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  all harm must be anticipated 
B)  it is the responsibility of the participant to understand the research 
C)  harms should be minimized, but weighed against the potential benefit to society 
D)  no harms are acceptable in research planning 
A)  all harm must be anticipated 
B)  it is the responsibility of the participant to understand the research 
C)  harms should be minimized, but weighed against the potential benefit to society 
D)  no harms are acceptable in research planning

Question 5

A researcher compared the academic success of high school students who had received free tutoring during elementary school years with the success of high school students who were similar on major characteristics but did not receive free tutoring. The purpose was to determine the effects of free tutoring on academic success. What type of research design is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  causal-comparative 
B)  correlational 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  experimental 
A)  causal-comparative 
B)  correlational 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  experimental

Question 6

Which of these statements matches the relationship between research topics and qualitative or quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

A)  most research topics fit best with a specific research approach 
B)  most research topics can be formulated into questions that fit either quantitative or qualitative approaches 
C)  for most research topics, the researcher can decide which approach to take after collecting data 
A)  most research topics fit best with a specific research approach 
B)  most research topics can be formulated into questions that fit either quantitative or qualitative approaches 
C)  for most research topics, the researcher can decide which approach to take after collecting data

Question 7

After participants play their part in research, they may receive more information about the purpose of the study, the procedure(s) used, and be offered to share the results. This is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefing 
B)  exit interview 
C)  informed consent 
D)  post-research protocol 
A)  debriefing 
B)  exit interview 
C)  informed consent 
D)  post-research protocol

Question 8

Programs are similar to experiments in that the programs' intervention acts as a treatment in an experiment. Just like experiments, researchers often make adjustments based on feedback during the experiment process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of these statements captures the nature of scientific knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  it often reflects the researchers' personal opinions 
B)  it is not possible to generate through research in the social sciences 
C)  it is built from an accumulation of research findings from many studies 
D)  once it is established, it never changes 
A)  it often reflects the researchers' personal opinions 
B)  it is not possible to generate through research in the social sciences 
C)  it is built from an accumulation of research findings from many studies 
D)  once it is established, it never changes

Question 10

The principle that welfare subjects should not incur risks by participating in research when the resulting treatment would only benefit the wealthiest people is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  equality 
B)  justice 
C)  autonomy 
D)  beneficence 
A)  equality 
B)  justice 
C)  autonomy 
D)  beneficence

Question 11

Programs are often similar to experiments, in which the program acts as a treatment, but it allows for adjustments in the program while it is taking place. The measurement of the program's progress as it is taking place is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  formative evaluation 
B)  midstream adjudication 
C)  applied experiments 
D)  modified formulations 
A)  formative evaluation 
B)  midstream adjudication 
C)  applied experiments 
D)  modified formulations

Question 12

Which of these statements is FALSE about good theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  good theories are generalizable 
B)  good theories are testable 
C)  good theories use rigorous criteria 
D)  good theories prove the results of research 
A)  good theories are generalizable 
B)  good theories are testable 
C)  good theories use rigorous criteria 
D)  good theories prove the results of research

Question 13

The ethical breach over the syphilis study in the U.S. led directly to which of these:

Accepted Answer

A)  a report from the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, nicknamed "the Belmont report" 
B)  the disbanding of the U.S. Public Health Service 
C)  government and university rules that greatly limit study of poor minority communities 
D)  the adoption of the Nuremburg code in the United States for the first time 
A)  a report from the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, nicknamed "the Belmont report" 
B)  the disbanding of the U.S. Public Health Service 
C)  government and university rules that greatly limit study of poor minority communities 
D)  the adoption of the Nuremburg code in the United States for the first time

Question 14

Why was the study of black sharecroppers with syphilis a controversial study?

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire study sample was poor black men in the South 
B)  the participants were offered free medical care, meals, and life insurance to cover burial costs, but were not given the promised rewards 
C)  one-third of the study's participants did not have syphilis at the outset of the study but were given syphilis through the study 
D)  during the study, a treatment for syphilis was discovered but was not given to the study's participants, resulting in continued suffering and death from the disease 
A)  the entire study sample was poor black men in the South 
B)  the participants were offered free medical care, meals, and life insurance to cover burial costs, but were not given the promised rewards 
C)  one-third of the study's participants did not have syphilis at the outset of the study but were given syphilis through the study 
D)  during the study, a treatment for syphilis was discovered but was not given to the study's participants, resulting in continued suffering and death from the disease

Question 15

Which type of researchers is more likely to include relevant details about the researchers' personal backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  qualitative 
B)  quantitative 
C)  experimental 
A)  qualitative 
B)  quantitative 
C)  experimental

Question 16

Research that uses statistical analysis and presents results in numbers is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental research 
B)  deductive research 
C)  quantitative research 
D)  qualitative research 
A)  experimental research 
B)  deductive research 
C)  quantitative research 
D)  qualitative research

Question 17

Which of the following led to a formal set of ethics for research?

Accepted Answer

A)  professionalism in the field of research 
B)  the introduction of qualitative methods 
C)  the nonconsensual, unethical research carried out during WWII 
D)  the expansion of research from animals to people 
A)  professionalism in the field of research 
B)  the introduction of qualitative methods 
C)  the nonconsensual, unethical research carried out during WWII 
D)  the expansion of research from animals to people

Question 18

Research that works "down" from hypotheses and "up" from observations is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  deductive 
B)  inductive 
C)  conjunctive 
D)  grounded 
A)  deductive 
B)  inductive 
C)  conjunctive 
D)  grounded

Question 19

Which of these is a form of nonexperimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  causal-comparative research 
B)  surveys 
C)  correlational research 
D)  all of the above 
A)  causal-comparative research 
B)  surveys 
C)  correlational research 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

In an experiment, Group A members were given badges for being on time to the classroom while Group B members were given no special treatment. Which group is the control group?

Accepted Answer

A)  group A 
B)  group B 
C)  neither group 
D)  both groups 
A)  group A 
B)  group B 
C)  neither group 
D)  both groups

Researchers who are primarily interested in a topic where little is known may find the best approach to be the use of ___________ methods.

Based on Topic 3, The Role of Theory in Research, which of these represent the relationship between theory and research:

What key qualities determine whether work counts as "research" that is reviewed for ethics?

What, if anything, is considered when managing potential harms to participants in a research plan?

Which of these statements matches the relationship between research topics and qualitative or quantitative research?

After participants play their part in research, they may receive more information about the purpose of the study, the procedure(s) used, and be offered to share the results. This is called:

Programs are similar to experiments in that the programs' intervention acts as a treatment in an experiment. Just like experiments, researchers often make adjustments based on feedback during the experiment process.

Which of these statements captures the nature of scientific knowledge?

The principle that welfare subjects should not incur risks by participating in research when the resulting treatment would only benefit the wealthiest people is an example of:

Programs are often similar to experiments, in which the program acts as a treatment, but it allows for adjustments in the program while it is taking place. The measurement of the program's progress as it is taking place is referred to as:

Which of these statements is FALSE about good theories?

The ethical breach over the syphilis study in the U.S. led directly to which of these:

Why was the study of black sharecroppers with syphilis a controversial study?

Which type of researchers is more likely to include relevant details about the researchers' personal backgrounds?

Research that uses statistical analysis and presents results in numbers is called:

Which of the following led to a formal set of ethics for research?

Research that works "down" from hypotheses and "up" from observations is called:

Which of these is a form of nonexperimental research?

In an experiment, Group A members were given badges for being on time to the classroom while Group B members were given no special treatment. Which group is the control group?

Reviewing and Citing the Literature

Basic Concepts in Quantitative Research

Sampling

Measurement

Qualitative Research Design

Designing Experimental Research

Analyzing Data: Understanding Statistics

Effect Size and Meta-Analysis

Preparing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Research Methods

Researchers who are primarily interested in a topic where little is known may find the best approach to be the use of ___________ methods.

Based on Topic 3, The Role of Theory in Research, which of these represent the relationship between theory and research:

What key qualities determine whether work counts as "research" that is reviewed for ethics?

What, if anything, is considered when managing potential harms to participants in a research plan?

Which of these statements matches the relationship between research topics and qualitative or quantitative research?

After participants play their part in research, they may receive more information about the purpose of the study, the procedure(s) used, and be offered to share the results. This is called:

Programs are similar to experiments in that the programs' intervention acts as a treatment in an experiment. Just like experiments, researchers often make adjustments based on feedback during the experiment process.

Which of these statements captures the nature of scientific knowledge?

The principle that welfare subjects should not incur risks by participating in research when the resulting treatment would only benefit the wealthiest people is an example of:

Programs are often similar to experiments, in which the program acts as a treatment, but it allows for adjustments in the program while it is taking place. The measurement of the program's progress as it is taking place is referred to as:

Which of these statements is FALSE about good theories?

The ethical breach over the syphilis study in the U.S. led directly to which of these:

Why was the study of black sharecroppers with syphilis a controversial study?

Which type of researchers is more likely to include relevant details about the researchers' personal backgrounds?

Research that uses statistical analysis and presents results in numbers is called:

Which of the following led to a formal set of ethics for research?

Research that works "down" from hypotheses and "up" from observations is called:

Which of these is a form of nonexperimental research?

In an experiment, Group A members were given badges for being on time to the classroom while Group B members were given no special treatment. Which group is the control group?

Reviewing and Citing the Literature

Basic Concepts in Quantitative Research

Sampling

Measurement

Qualitative Research Design

Designing Experimental Research

Analyzing Data: Understanding Statistics

Effect Size and Meta-Analysis

Preparing Research Reports

Filters