Question 1

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves,women are more likely than men to include statements about

Accepted Answer

A) where they live. 
B) their roles as parents and family members. 
C) their physical appearance. 
D) their age. 
A) where they live. 
B) their roles as parents and family members. 
C) their physical appearance. 
D) their age. B

Question 2

Researchers asked participants in one study to take photographs to indicate how the participants thought of themselves. The women in the study were more likely than the men to take pictures of themselves that included other people. The findings support the notion that,compared to men,women

Accepted Answer

A) are more dependent on other people. 
B) have a larger network of friends. 
C) are more mature socially. 
D) are more likely to develop an interdependent self-construal. 
A) are more dependent on other people. 
B) have a larger network of friends. 
C) are more mature socially. 
D) are more likely to develop an interdependent self-construal. D

Question 3

The way people process information in threatening situations begins with a social encounters and then depends on

Accepted Answer

A) the way other people are acting in the situation. 
B) the way the situation is appraised in awareness. 
C) the kind of situation people are in. 
D) whether or not people are self-actualized. 
A) the way other people are acting in the situation. 
B) the way the situation is appraised in awareness. 
C) the kind of situation people are in. 
D) whether or not people are self-actualized. C

Question 4

Cognitive theorists see the causal arrow between cognitions and depressive symptoms running in one direction,from thoughts to symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women

Accepted Answer

A) make an effort to remember. 
B) form cognitive representations of themselves. 
C) have been trained to remember information in school. 
D) mature intellectually. 
A) make an effort to remember. 
B) form cognitive representations of themselves. 
C) have been trained to remember information in school. 
D) mature intellectually.

Question 6

People processing information through a depressive schema have greater access to depressing memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Accepted Answer

Negative cognitive style refers to a pat

Question 8

Among the personal factors cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior,which of the following is typically included?

Accepted Answer

A) The provocative situation 
B) Genetic predisposition to aggression 
C) The ego defense mechanisms the person uses 
D) Visual cues in the environment. 
A) The provocative situation 
B) Genetic predisposition to aggression 
C) The ego defense mechanisms the person uses 
D) Visual cues in the environment.

Question 9

Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?

Accepted Answer

A) It is related to depression. 
B) Processing filters out positive information. 
C) It tends to identify one's problems with specific events. 
D) It is a form of negative reinforcement. 
A) It is related to depression. 
B) Processing filters out positive information. 
C) It tends to identify one's problems with specific events. 
D) It is a form of negative reinforcement.

Question 10

The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Women attend to emotional information more than men. 
B) Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
C) Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
D) The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
A) Women attend to emotional information more than men. 
B) Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
C) Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
D) The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women.

Question 12

According to cognitive researchers,the happiest people are those who

Accepted Answer

A) pay attention to negative information so they can deal with it more effectively. 
B) pay attention to both positive and negative information equally. 
C) interpret ambiguous information in a positive light. 
D) are always on the alert for negative information. 
A) pay attention to negative information so they can deal with it more effectively. 
B) pay attention to both positive and negative information equally. 
C) interpret ambiguous information in a positive light. 
D) are always on the alert for negative information.

Question 13

In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations,such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town,researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression

Accepted Answer

A) were more likely to interpret the act as intentional. 
B) were more likely to interpret the act as hostile. 
C) tended to act more aggressively in response to the act. 
D) all of the above 
A) were more likely to interpret the act as intentional. 
B) were more likely to interpret the act as hostile. 
C) tended to act more aggressively in response to the act. 
D) all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Accepted Answer

A) The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
B) Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
C) Women attend to and process information about emotions more than men. 
D) Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
A) The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
B) Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
C) Women attend to and process information about emotions more than men. 
D) Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men.

Question 15

Discuss the general aggression model proposed by cognitive researchers. What are the components? Give an example of your own of an aggressive response you have recently made and provide an explanation from the model,including all the components.

Accepted Answer

The general aggression model proposed by

Question 16

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.

Accepted Answer

A) American history 
B) emotional experiences 
C) their childhood 
D) important issues 
A) American history 
B) emotional experiences 
C) their childhood 
D) important issues

Question 17

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

Accepted Answer

Men and women differ in their emotional

Question 18

Research findings suggest men are more likely than women to form independent self-construals. This means that men tend to

Accepted Answer

A) think of themselves as independent. 
B) develop their self-concepts with little help from others. 
C) have cognitive representations of themselves that are relatively unrelated to the cognitive representations they have of other people. 
D) have cognitive representations of themselves that are resistant to change. 
A) think of themselves as independent. 
B) develop their self-concepts with little help from others. 
C) have cognitive representations of themselves that are relatively unrelated to the cognitive representations they have of other people. 
D) have cognitive representations of themselves that are resistant to change.

Question 19

Researchers use the idea of negative cognitive style to

Accepted Answer

A) identify people at high risk for depression. 
B) predict students who will have at least one episode of major depression. 
C) determine those suffering more depressive symptoms after trauma. 
D) all of these 
A) identify people at high risk for depression. 
B) predict students who will have at least one episode of major depression. 
C) determine those suffering more depressive symptoms after trauma. 
D) all of these

Question 20

When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women,those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of

Accepted Answer

A) a negative cognitive style. 
B) curiosity. 
C) positive emotions beginning to surface after two weeks. 
D) false interpretations of events since the trauma. 
A) a negative cognitive style. 
B) curiosity. 
C) positive emotions beginning to surface after two weeks. 
D) false interpretations of events since the trauma.

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves,women are more likely than men to include statements about

Researchers asked participants in one study to take photographs to indicate how the participants thought of themselves. The women in the study were more likely than the men to take pictures of themselves that included other people. The findings support the notion that,compared to men,women

The way people process information in threatening situations begins with a social encounters and then depends on

Cognitive theorists see the causal arrow between cognitions and depressive symptoms running in one direction,from thoughts to symptoms.

Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women

People processing information through a depressive schema have greater access to depressing memories.

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Among the personal factors cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior,which of the following is typically included?

Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?

The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.

All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?

According to cognitive researchers,the happiest people are those who

In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations,such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town,researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Discuss the general aggression model proposed by cognitive researchers. What are the components? Give an example of your own of an aggressive response you have recently made and provide an explanation from the model,including all the components.

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

Research findings suggest men are more likely than women to form independent self-construals. This means that men tend to

Researchers use the idea of negative cognitive style to

When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women,those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of

What Is Personality?

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

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Exam 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves,women are more likely than men to include statements about

Researchers asked participants in one study to take photographs to indicate how the participants thought of themselves. The women in the study were more likely than the men to take pictures of themselves that included other people. The findings support the notion that,compared to men,women

The way people process information in threatening situations begins with a social encounters and then depends on

Cognitive theorists see the causal arrow between cognitions and depressive symptoms running in one direction,from thoughts to symptoms.

Women and men differ in the kinds of information they recall. Researchers explain this in terms of differences in the way men and women

People processing information through a depressive schema have greater access to depressing memories.

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Among the personal factors cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior,which of the following is typically included?

Which of the following have researchers found about negative cognitive style?

The cognitive approach maintains that negative thoughts are a symptom of depression.

All of the following statements about emotional memories are true except one. Which one is false?

According to cognitive researchers,the happiest people are those who

In a study of boys in aggression-provoking situations,such as another student breaking the boy's radio while he is out of town,researchers found that boys with a history of reactive aggression

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Discuss the general aggression model proposed by cognitive researchers. What are the components? Give an example of your own of an aggressive response you have recently made and provide an explanation from the model,including all the components.

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about ____________ than do men.

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

Research findings suggest men are more likely than women to form independent self-construals. This means that men tend to

Researchers use the idea of negative cognitive style to

When investigators looked at the psychological effects of physical and emotion abuse of women,those suffering from deeper depression showed signs of

What Is Personality?

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

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