Question 1

Which of the following is a limitation of Chomsky's nativist perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chomsky's theory is inconsistent with research on efforts to teach nonhuman primates language systems. 
B)  Chomsky's theory cannot explain why children refine and generalize many grammatical forms gradually. 
C)  Chomsky's theory overemphasizes the role of social experience in language development. 
D)  Chomsky's theory fails to show that humans have evolved specialized regions in the brain that support language skills. 
A)  Chomsky's theory is inconsistent with research on efforts to teach nonhuman primates language systems. 
B)  Chomsky's theory cannot explain why children refine and generalize many grammatical forms gradually. 
C)  Chomsky's theory overemphasizes the role of social experience in language development. 
D)  Chomsky's theory fails to show that humans have evolved specialized regions in the brain that support language skills.

Question 2

Two-year-old Ruby utters the words "go car." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  underextension. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  telegraphic speech. 
D)  referential speech. 
A)  underextension. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  telegraphic speech. 
D)  referential speech.

Question 3

Some critics argue that the violation-of-expectation method is flawed because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult for observers to discern when babies have habituated to the familiar event. 
B)  this method cannot be used with young babies or toddlers, who easily become fatigued. 
C)  babies make only subtle changes to their behaviors when they recover to a new stimulus. 
D)  it reveals only babies' perceptual preference for novelty, not their knowledge of the physical world. 
A)  it is difficult for observers to discern when babies have habituated to the familiar event. 
B)  this method cannot be used with young babies or toddlers, who easily become fatigued. 
C)  babies make only subtle changes to their behaviors when they recover to a new stimulus. 
D)  it reveals only babies' perceptual preference for novelty, not their knowledge of the physical world.

Question 4

Three-year-old Liam is putting together a puzzle. Liam's father begins by pointing to where each piece needs to go and then straightening out each piece as Liam places them on the puzzle board. As Liam's competence with the task increases, his father gradually withdraws support. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding. 
B)  cooperative learning. 
C)  reciprocal teaching. 
D)  transitive inference. 
A)  scaffolding. 
B)  cooperative learning. 
C)  reciprocal teaching. 
D)  transitive inference.

Question 5

Studies show that children prefer infant-directed speech (IDS) over other kinds of adult talk

Accepted Answer

A)  from birth on. 
B)  by 3 months. 
C)  by 6 months. 
D)  by 12 months. 
A)  from birth on. 
B)  by 3 months. 
C)  by 6 months. 
D)  by 12 months.

Question 6

In Piaget's sequence of sensorimotor development, infants first develop

Accepted Answer

A)  mental representations. 
B)  tertiary circular reactions. 
C)  reflexive schemes. 
D)  primary circular reactions. 
A)  mental representations. 
B)  tertiary circular reactions. 
C)  reflexive schemes. 
D)  primary circular reactions.

Question 7

Toddlers seem to discount information on video as relevant to their everyday experiences because

Accepted Answer

A)  the people onscreen do not look at and converse with them directly. 
B)  they have little experience with digital media. 
C)  they are easily overstimulated by the fast-paced content. 
D)  the people onscreen are usually unfamiliar to them. 
A)  the people onscreen do not look at and converse with them directly. 
B)  they have little experience with digital media. 
C)  they are easily overstimulated by the fast-paced content. 
D)  the people onscreen are usually unfamiliar to them.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about individual differences in early vocabulary growth is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys are slightly ahead of girls in early vocabulary growth. 
B)  Shy toddlers' vocabularies typically increase slowly after they start to speak. 
C)  Children from low-SES homes usually have smaller vocabularies than their higher-SES agemates. 
D)  Boys and girls' vocabularies tend to develop at the same rate. 
A)  Boys are slightly ahead of girls in early vocabulary growth. 
B)  Shy toddlers' vocabularies typically increase slowly after they start to speak. 
C)  Children from low-SES homes usually have smaller vocabularies than their higher-SES agemates. 
D)  Boys and girls' vocabularies tend to develop at the same rate.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about toddlers' vocabularies is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most children show a steady rate of word learning that continues through the preschool years. 
B)  Toddlers undergo an initial spurt in vocabulary around 18 months. 
C)  Toddlers transition from a faster to a slower language learning pace around 18 months. 
D)  Young toddlers add to their spoken vocabularies at a rate of three to five words a week. 
A)  Most children show a steady rate of word learning that continues through the preschool years. 
B)  Toddlers undergo an initial spurt in vocabulary around 18 months. 
C)  Toddlers transition from a faster to a slower language learning pace around 18 months. 
D)  Young toddlers add to their spoken vocabularies at a rate of three to five words a week.

Question 10

Research shows that by age 3, children in Early Head Start

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate gains in cognitive and language development. 
B)  demonstrate an increase in aggression. 
C)  experience a "washout effect." 
D)  score, on average, 15 points higher in IQ than nonenrolled children. 
A)  demonstrate gains in cognitive and language development. 
B)  demonstrate an increase in aggression. 
C)  experience a "washout effect." 
D)  score, on average, 15 points higher in IQ than nonenrolled children.

Question 11

Arthur's vocabulary consists mainly of words that refer to objects. Like most toddlers, he uses

Accepted Answer

A)  an expressive style. 
B)  infant-directed speech (IDS). 
C)  a referential style. 
D)  an authoritative style. 
A)  an expressive style. 
B)  infant-directed speech (IDS). 
C)  a referential style. 
D)  an authoritative style.

Question 12

Compared with cognitive theories, mental tests

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on cognitive products rather than on the process of development. 
B)  focus on how children's thinking changes rather than on cognitive products. 
C)  are more accurate indicators of what infants and toddlers understand. 
D)  focus on environmental influences on intelligence. 
A)  focus on cognitive products rather than on the process of development. 
B)  focus on how children's thinking changes rather than on cognitive products. 
C)  are more accurate indicators of what infants and toddlers understand. 
D)  focus on environmental influences on intelligence.

Question 13

In the information-processing system, __________ is unlimited in capacity.

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the sensory register 
A)  working memory 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  the central executive 
D)  the sensory register

Question 14

__________ predict(s) children's IQ beyond the contribution of parental IQ and education.

Accepted Answer

A)  Maternal age 
B)  Family living conditions 
C)  Provision of age-appropriate play materials 
D)  Quality child care 
A)  Maternal age 
B)  Family living conditions 
C)  Provision of age-appropriate play materials 
D)  Quality child care

Question 15

Two-year-old Grace believes that words are for talking about people's feelings and needs. Grace uses

Accepted Answer

A)  an expressive style. 
B)  infant-directed speech (IDS). 
C)  a referential style. 
D)  an authoritative style. 
A)  an expressive style. 
B)  infant-directed speech (IDS). 
C)  a referential style. 
D)  an authoritative style.

Question 16

According to Piaget, organization takes place

Accepted Answer

A)  internally. 
B)  externally. 
C)  through direct contact with the environment. 
D)  when new schemes are formed. 
A)  internally. 
B)  externally. 
C)  through direct contact with the environment. 
D)  when new schemes are formed.

Question 17

Infants learn and retain information

Accepted Answer

A)  only through physical activity. 
B)  just by watching objects and events. 
C)  only by manipulating objects. 
D)  but cannot engage in recall. 
A)  only through physical activity. 
B)  just by watching objects and events. 
C)  only by manipulating objects. 
D)  but cannot engage in recall.

Question 18

During times of rapid cognitive change,

Accepted Answer

A)  organization predominates over adaptation. 
B)  accommodation predominates over assimilation. 
C)  assimilation and accommodation are balanced. 
D)  adaptation and organization are balanced. 
A)  organization predominates over adaptation. 
B)  accommodation predominates over assimilation. 
C)  assimilation and accommodation are balanced. 
D)  adaptation and organization are balanced.

Question 19

In the information-processing system, information first enters

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory. 
B)  the central executive. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  the sensory register. 
A)  working memory. 
B)  the central executive. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  the sensory register.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is supported by research on babbling and deaf infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deaf infants not exposed to sign language will stop babbling entirely. 
B)  Deaf infants do not babble or coo unless they are exposed to sign language. 
C)  Deaf infants start babbling much earlier than hearing infants. 
D)  Deaf infants start babbling much later than hearing infants. 
A)  Deaf infants not exposed to sign language will stop babbling entirely. 
B)  Deaf infants do not babble or coo unless they are exposed to sign language. 
C)  Deaf infants start babbling much earlier than hearing infants. 
D)  Deaf infants start babbling much later than hearing infants.

Which of the following is a limitation of Chomsky's nativist perspective?

Two-year-old Ruby utters the words "go car." This is an example of

Some critics argue that the violation-of-expectation method is flawed because

Studies show that children prefer infant-directed speech (IDS) over other kinds of adult talk

In Piaget's sequence of sensorimotor development, infants first develop

Toddlers seem to discount information on video as relevant to their everyday experiences because

Which of the following statements about individual differences in early vocabulary growth is true?

Which of the following statements about toddlers' vocabularies is true?

Research shows that by age 3, children in Early Head Start

Arthur's vocabulary consists mainly of words that refer to objects. Like most toddlers, he uses

Compared with cognitive theories, mental tests

In the information-processing system, __________ is unlimited in capacity.

__________ predict(s) children's IQ beyond the contribution of parental IQ and education.

Two-year-old Grace believes that words are for talking about people's feelings and needs. Grace uses

According to Piaget, organization takes place

Infants learn and retain information

During times of rapid cognitive change,

In the information-processing system, information first enters

Which of the following statements is supported by research on babbling and deaf infants?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Which of the following is a limitation of Chomsky's nativist perspective?

Two-year-old Ruby utters the words "go car." This is an example of

Some critics argue that the violation-of-expectation method is flawed because

Studies show that children prefer infant-directed speech (IDS) over other kinds of adult talk

In Piaget's sequence of sensorimotor development, infants first develop

Toddlers seem to discount information on video as relevant to their everyday experiences because

Which of the following statements about individual differences in early vocabulary growth is true?

Which of the following statements about toddlers' vocabularies is true?

Research shows that by age 3, children in Early Head Start

Arthur's vocabulary consists mainly of words that refer to objects. Like most toddlers, he uses

Compared with cognitive theories, mental tests

In the information-processing system, __________ is unlimited in capacity.

__________ predict(s) children's IQ beyond the contribution of parental IQ and education.

Two-year-old Grace believes that words are for talking about people's feelings and needs. Grace uses

According to Piaget, organization takes place

Infants learn and retain information

During times of rapid cognitive change,

In the information-processing system, information first enters

Which of the following statements is supported by research on babbling and deaf infants?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters