Question 1

During translation,what is the correct order of events that occur as an amino acid is added?

Accepted Answer

A)  codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation 
B)  translocation, codon recognition, termination 
C)  initiation, codon recognition, termination 
D)  peptide bond formation, translocation, codon recognition 
A)  codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation 
B)  translocation, codon recognition, termination 
C)  initiation, codon recognition, termination 
D)  peptide bond formation, translocation, codon recognition

Question 2

DNA replication

Accepted Answer

A)  is a slow process that results in virtually no errors. 
B)  requires DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. 
C)  is a very fast process that results in numerous errors. 
D)  requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins. 
A)  is a slow process that results in virtually no errors. 
B)  requires DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. 
C)  is a very fast process that results in numerous errors. 
D)  requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins.

Question 3

The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the creation of a virus 
B)  a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail 
C)  the production of a longer RNA molecule 
D)  the production of a shorter RNA molecule 
A)  the creation of a virus 
B)  a strand of mRNA that lacks its cap and tail 
C)  the production of a longer RNA molecule 
D)  the production of a shorter RNA molecule

Question 4

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time) during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and get the graph shown here.
  
-The first thing you notice is that there is no immediate increase in viruses following infection.This is because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  it takes the virus time to adapt to the host 
B)  although the virus has infected the host, it takes time to complete the lytic cycle 
C)  the host is immune to the virus 
D)  the virus is in a lysogenic cycle throughout the experiment 
A)  it takes the virus time to adapt to the host 
B)  although the virus has infected the host, it takes time to complete the lytic cycle 
C)  the host is immune to the virus 
D)  the virus is in a lysogenic cycle throughout the experiment

Question 5

After replication,______.

Accepted Answer

A)  each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands 
B)  each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand 
C)  each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands 
D)  one new DNA double helix consists of two old strands and the other new DNA double helix consists of two new strands 
A)  each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands 
B)  each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand 
C)  each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands 
D)  one new DNA double helix consists of two old strands and the other new DNA double helix consists of two new strands

Question 6

What is the ultimate source of all diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  sexual recombination 
C)  meiosis 
D)  mutation 
A)  natural selection 
B)  sexual recombination 
C)  meiosis 
D)  mutation

Question 7

Transcription is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA 
B)  manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix 
C)  modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein 
D)  manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA 
A)  manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA 
B)  manufacture of two new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix 
C)  modification of a strand of RNA prior to the manufacture of a protein 
D)  manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA

Question 8

The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______."

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme 
B)  RNA 
C)  protein 
D)  polypeptide 
A)  enzyme 
B)  RNA 
C)  protein 
D)  polypeptide

Question 9

Where is translation accomplished?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomes 
B)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  nucleoli 
A)  lysosomes 
B)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  nucleoli

Question 10

The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear 
B)  ribosomal 
C)  transfer 
D)  messenger 
A)  nuclear 
B)  ribosomal 
C)  transfer 
D)  messenger

Question 11

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)must use its own ______ to reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  tRNA 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  tRNA

Question 12

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix,what percent of the bases are guanine?

Accepted Answer

A)  60% 
B)  40% 
C)  20% 
D)  30% 
A)  60% 
B)  40% 
C)  20% 
D)  30%

Question 13

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time) during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and get the graph shown here.
  
-Once viruses are detected,the number of viruses increases rapidly.This is because ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysogeny produces large numbers of bacteriophages 
B)  DNA viruses reproduce more rapidly than RNA viruses 
C)  the host cell speeds the release process 
D)  the viruses lyse the hosts to release mature viruses all at once 
A)  lysogeny produces large numbers of bacteriophages 
B)  DNA viruses reproduce more rapidly than RNA viruses 
C)  the host cell speeds the release process 
D)  the viruses lyse the hosts to release mature viruses all at once

Question 14

What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA splicing 
B)  the removal of exons 
C)  the lack of RNA-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm 
D)  a cap and tail 
A)  RNA splicing 
B)  the removal of exons 
C)  the lack of RNA-digesting enzymes in the cytoplasm 
D)  a cap and tail

Question 15

The backbone of DNA consists of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogenous bases 
B)  a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern 
C)  a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern 
D)  paired nucleotides 
A)  nitrogenous bases 
B)  a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern 
C)  a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern 
D)  paired nucleotides

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNase 
B)  RNA helicase 
C)  RNA ligase 
D)  RNA polymerase 
A)  RNase 
B)  RNA helicase 
C)  RNA ligase 
D)  RNA polymerase

Question 17

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pauling 
B)  Watson and Crick 
C)  Franklin 
D)  Hershey and Chase 
A)  Pauling 
B)  Watson and Crick 
C)  Franklin 
D)  Hershey and Chase

Question 18

Examine the genetic code table,shown below.The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  serine 
B)  arginine 
C)  threonine 
D)  alanine 
A)  serine 
B)  arginine 
C)  threonine 
D)  alanine

Question 19

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide 
B)  carbohydrate 
C)  fatty acid 
D)  amino acid 
A)  nucleotide 
B)  carbohydrate 
C)  fatty acid 
D)  amino acid

Question 20

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA. Subsequently, she isolated and cultured a single cell from this group. She noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this affected their survival.
-The mutation would be most harmful to the cells if it resulted in ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a single nucleotide insertion near the start of the coding sequence 
B)  a single nucleotide deletion near the end of the coding sequence 
C)  a single nucleotide in the middle of an intron 
D)  deletion of a triplet near the middle of the gene 
A)  a single nucleotide insertion near the start of the coding sequence 
B)  a single nucleotide deletion near the end of the coding sequence 
C)  a single nucleotide in the middle of an intron 
D)  deletion of a triplet near the middle of the gene

Exam 10: The Structure and Function of DNA

During translation,what is the correct order of events that occur as an amino acid is added?

DNA replication

The absence of a terminator in transcription will result in ______.

After replication,______.

What is the ultimate source of all diversity?

Transcription is the ______.

The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is "one gene-one ______."

Where is translation accomplished?

The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ______ RNA.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)must use its own ______ to reproduce.

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix,what percent of the bases are guanine?

What protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes?

The backbone of DNA consists of ______.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

Examine the genetic code table,shown below.The codon AGC codes for the amino acid ______.

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers.

Introduction- Biology Today

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

Plants, Fungi, and the Move onto Land

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Body's Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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