Exam 1: The Study of Human Development.

The _______________ of a measure refers to whether it actually measures what researchers think it measures.

When people in the United States watch television programs about children in other cultures, they are often surprised to find out that children from other countries often have very different skills and abilities than their own kids, even though they are the same age. This difference demonstrates the concept of

Validity is to reliability as

Cosella is conducting an experiment where she assesses how quickly teenagers can run a 100-meter race after consuming specific amounts of caffeine. She divides her sample up into three groups. Group 1 receives a glass of water with no caffeine added. Group 2 receives a glass of water with an amount of caffeine equivalent to that in one cup of coffee. Group 3 receives a glass of water with an amount of caffeine equivalent to that in two cups of coffee. Each participant is then timed as they run the course. In this study, the dependent variable is

A(n) _______________ variable in an experiment is the condition that is manipulated by the researcher.

There are three fundamental characteristics of human development, according to your authors. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Emotional, personality, and perceptual factors are all examples of ____ forces.

The direction of a relationship-that is, whether two variables move in the same direction or in opposite directions-is indicated by the _______________ of the correlation coefficient.

Cohort effects are most likely to be a problem when it is difficult to separate the effects of developmental processes from ____ when examining age effects across a wide range of ages.

Which of the following research study approaches is MOST susceptible to the influence of cohort effects?

Which type of measure is usually highly specific and thus cannot be applied broadly?

The farther a correlation coefficient is from zero, the weaker the relationship between the two variables in question.

An important characteristic of qualitative research is that it typically

Which of the following values indicates the strongest relationship between two variables as measured by a correlation coefficient?

The continuity-discontinuity issue concerns whether there is just one path of development or several.

Focusing on how people think and how those thinking processes change over time is the central feature of the ____ theory.

The study of neuroscience involves examination of the brain and the _______________, particularly in terms of brain-behavior relationships.

_______________ observations differ from naturalistic observations in that they create situations where the behavior of interest is likely to be elicited.

Which of the following ranges represent the possible values of a correlation between two variables?

Smita studies six different cohorts over a 30-year period, testing each subject every five years. Smita is using a ____ design.