Exam 19: Appendix A: The Tools of Ethical Inquiry

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Appendix A of Engaging Bioethics distinguishes between prescriptions and valuations by highlighting the difference between what should be done (prescriptions) and what is considered good or valuable (valuations).

Prescriptions refer to specific actions or behaviors that are recommended or required in a given situation. For example, a prescription in bioethics might be to obtain informed consent from research participants before conducting any experiments on them. This is a clear directive on how to act in a morally responsible way.

On the other hand, valuations refer to the assessment of the worth or importance of something. For example, in the context of bioethics, valuing autonomy as a fundamental principle means recognizing the importance of individuals being able to make their own decisions about their medical treatment.

The normative force of prescriptions lies in their ability to guide behavior and establish moral obligations. They provide clear guidelines for how individuals and institutions should act in specific situations, and failing to follow these prescriptions can be seen as morally wrong.

Valuations, on the other hand, provide the basis for determining what is morally important or valuable. They shape our understanding of what should be prioritized in ethical decision-making and can influence the development of ethical principles and policies.

In summary, the distinction between prescriptions and valuations in bioethics is important for understanding both the specific actions that are morally required and the underlying values that inform ethical decision-making. Both play a crucial role in shaping ethical behavior and decision-making in the field of bioethics.