Question 1

What features distinguish true experiment, quasi-experiment, and nonexperimental designs? Please provide examples that illustrate these features.

Accepted Answer

Response should focus on the degree to which research designs (1) direct the assignment of independent variables and (2) control for the influence of extraneous variables on dependent variables. True experiments meet both criteria, quasi-experiments typically only meet the latter criterion, and nonexperiments meet neither. Examples should reflect these distinctions.

Question 2

How does design structure variables to allow for appropriate conclusions to be drawn from research?

Accepted Answer

Response should include the extent to which, and means by which, investigators exercise control over their independent, as well as other, variables that might be operating in the investigative context.

Question 3

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, statistical conclusion validity refers to the _____:

Accepted Answer

A)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
B)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
C)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
D)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts 
A)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
B)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
C)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
D)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts A

Question 4

_____ are employed to measure change, whereas _____ are employed to

Accepted Answer

A)  measure growth: Two-wave data; multiwave data 
B)  Difference scores; age-adjusted scores 
C)  Q-sorts; grade-adjusted scores 
D)  Difference scores; two-wave data 
A)  measure growth: Two-wave data; multiwave data 
B)  Difference scores; age-adjusted scores 
C)  Q-sorts; grade-adjusted scores 
D)  Difference scores; two-wave data

Question 5

_____ is a particularly relevant design issue for developmental investigators conducting longitudinal research:

Accepted Answer

A)  Attrition 
B)  Causal bias 
C)  Limited self-report 
D)  Social desirability 
A)  Attrition 
B)  Causal bias 
C)  Limited self-report 
D)  Social desirability

Question 6

A child's verbal performance on a standardized intelligence test was reported to be at the 75th percentile. This would be an example of a/an _____ score:

Accepted Answer

A)  Normative 
B)  Ipsative 
C)  Criterion-referenced 
D)  Grade-adjusted 
A)  Normative 
B)  Ipsative 
C)  Criterion-referenced 
D)  Grade-adjusted

Question 7

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, construct validity refers to the _____:

Accepted Answer

A)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
B)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
C)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
D)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts 
A)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
B)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
C)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
D)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts

Question 8

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, external validity refers to the _____:

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts 
B)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
C)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
D)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
A)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts 
B)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
C)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
D)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs

Question 9

Which of the following types of measurement validity refers to the degree to which an instrument corresponds with an important and currently assessed criterion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Concurrent validity 
B)  Face validity 
C)  Predictive validity 
D)  Construct validity 
A)  Concurrent validity 
B)  Face validity 
C)  Predictive validity 
D)  Construct validity

Question 10

Pearsonian analyses are based upon _____ data, whereas Fisherian analyses are based upon _____ data:

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlational; group-difference 
B)  Group-difference; correlational 
C)  Multivariate; univariate 
D)  Univariate; multivariate 
A)  Correlational; group-difference 
B)  Group-difference; correlational 
C)  Multivariate; univariate 
D)  Univariate; multivariate

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a measurement facet relevant to developmental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  The degree to which a measurement provides numeric information 
B)  If a measurement reflects a stable trait or changing state 
C)  Whether a measurement is compared across individuals or within an individual 
D)  The interpretation of a measurement is norm referenced or criterion referenced 
A)  The degree to which a measurement provides numeric information 
B)  If a measurement reflects a stable trait or changing state 
C)  Whether a measurement is compared across individuals or within an individual 
D)  The interpretation of a measurement is norm referenced or criterion referenced

Question 12

What is the difference between reliability as internal consistency and reliability as interobserver agreement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between reliability as...

Question 13

What is a Type II error and under what conditions are researchers most likely to commit them when testing a null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a Type II error and...

Question 14

A study of infant visual perception finds that increased errors in tracking a moving object are moderately correlated with cognitive ability of children entering kindergarten. This finding represents what kind of measurement validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predictive validity 
B)  Construct validity 
C)  Concurrent validity 
D)  Factorial validity 
A)  Predictive validity 
B)  Construct validity 
C)  Concurrent validity 
D)  Factorial validity

Question 15

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, internal validity refers to the _____:

Accepted Answer

A)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
B)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
C)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
D)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts 
A)  Inferences about the causal connections of independent and dependent variables 
B)  Appropriateness of inferences made from statistical tests 
C)  Degree to which variables represent intended constructs 
D)  Generalizability of study results to other settings, populations, and contexts

Question 16

Describe, with examples, two types of directional causal bias relevant to developmental science.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe, with examples, two types of directional...

Question 17

What are the four types of design validity and in what ways might each be particularly relevant to developmental scientists?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the four types of design...

What features distinguish true experiment, quasi-experiment, and nonexperimental designs? Please provide examples that illustrate these features.

How does design structure variables to allow for appropriate conclusions to be drawn from research?

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, statistical conclusion validity refers to the _____:

_ are employed to measure change, whereas _ are employed to

_____ is a particularly relevant design issue for developmental investigators conducting longitudinal research:

A child's verbal performance on a standardized intelligence test was reported to be at the 75th percentile. This would be an example of a/an _____ score:

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, construct validity refers to the _____:

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, external validity refers to the _____:

Which of the following types of measurement validity refers to the degree to which an instrument corresponds with an important and currently assessed criterion?

Pearsonian analyses are based upon _ data, whereas Fisherian analyses are based upon _ data:

Which of the following is NOT a measurement facet relevant to developmental research?

What is the difference between reliability as internal consistency and reliability as interobserver agreement?

What is a Type II error and under what conditions are researchers most likely to commit them when testing a null hypothesis?

A study of infant visual perception finds that increased errors in tracking a moving object are moderately correlated with cognitive ability of children entering kindergarten. This finding represents what kind of measurement validity?

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, internal validity refers to the _____:

Describe, with examples, two types of directional causal bias relevant to developmental science.

What are the four types of design validity and in what ways might each be particularly relevant to developmental scientists?

Who You Are Assessing

Why You Are Assessing

Selecting an Appropriate Assessment Instrument

Selecting and Administering Tests

Assessing Motor Development and Motor Skill Performance

Assessing Physical Fitness

Assessing Posture and Gait

Assessing Perception and Cognition

Assessing Behavior and Social Competence

Appendix A: Sample Write-Up for Infant and Early Childhood Motor Development Tests

Appendix B: Sample Write-Up for Fundamental Motor Patterns Tests

Appendix C: Sample Write-Up for Motor Proficiency Tests

Filters

Exam 3: Getting to Know the Student

What features distinguish true experiment, quasi-experiment, and nonexperimental designs? Please provide examples that illustrate these features.

How does design structure variables to allow for appropriate conclusions to be drawn from research?

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, statistical conclusion validity refers to the _____:

_____ are employed to measure change, whereas _____ are employed to

_____ is a particularly relevant design issue for developmental investigators conducting longitudinal research:

A child's verbal performance on a standardized intelligence test was reported to be at the 75th percentile. This would be an example of a/an _____ score:

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, construct validity refers to the _____:

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, external validity refers to the _____:

Which of the following types of measurement validity refers to the degree to which an instrument corresponds with an important and currently assessed criterion?

Pearsonian analyses are based upon _____ data, whereas Fisherian analyses are based upon _____ data:

Which of the following is NOT a measurement facet relevant to developmental research?

What is the difference between reliability as internal consistency and reliability as interobserver agreement?

What is a Type II error and under what conditions are researchers most likely to commit them when testing a null hypothesis?

A study of infant visual perception finds that increased errors in tracking a moving object are moderately correlated with cognitive ability of children entering kindergarten. This finding represents what kind of measurement validity?

According to Hartmann, Pelzel, and Abbott, internal validity refers to the _____:

Describe, with examples, two types of directional causal bias relevant to developmental science.

What are the four types of design validity and in what ways might each be particularly relevant to developmental scientists?

Who You Are Assessing

Why You Are Assessing

Selecting an Appropriate Assessment Instrument

Selecting and Administering Tests

Assessing Motor Development and Motor Skill Performance

Assessing Physical Fitness

Assessing Posture and Gait

Assessing Perception and Cognition

Assessing Behavior and Social Competence

Appendix A: Sample Write-Up for Infant and Early Childhood Motor Development Tests

Appendix B: Sample Write-Up for Fundamental Motor Patterns Tests

Appendix C: Sample Write-Up for Motor Proficiency Tests

Filters

_ are employed to measure change, whereas _ are employed to

Pearsonian analyses are based upon _ data, whereas Fisherian analyses are based upon _ data: