Question 1

The treatment options available today for most drug addicts

Accepted Answer

A)  include both drug therapy and behavioral therapies. 
B)  are largely unsuccessful. 
C)  are expensive. 
D)  Both a and b are correct 
A)  include both drug therapy and behavioral therapies. 
B)  are largely unsuccessful. 
C)  are expensive. 
D)  Both a and b are correct D

Question 2

The relationship between drug administration rate and c-FOS expression

Accepted Answer

A)  is undefined at this time. 
B)  is a negative correlation. 
C)  is a positive correlation. 
D)  depends on drug dose. 
A)  is undefined at this time. 
B)  is a negative correlation. 
C)  is a positive correlation. 
D)  depends on drug dose. C

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding drug addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rapid rate of drug delivery and availability to the brain enhances CREB and c-FOS upregulation. 
B)  Drug addiction is characterized by powerful and long-lasting behavioral changes that can be reinstated after long periods of abstinence. 
C)  Drug addiction increases dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens as well as in other structures of the mesolimbic pathway. 
D)  Addiction occurs to a wide a range of drugs, all of which have similar structural features. 
A)  A rapid rate of drug delivery and availability to the brain enhances CREB and c-FOS upregulation. 
B)  Drug addiction is characterized by powerful and long-lasting behavioral changes that can be reinstated after long periods of abstinence. 
C)  Drug addiction increases dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens as well as in other structures of the mesolimbic pathway. 
D)  Addiction occurs to a wide a range of drugs, all of which have similar structural features. D

Question 4

The medial forebrain bundle is the bundle of axons projecting from the ________ to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus accumbens; cortex 
B)  septum; substantia nigra 
C)  ventral tegmentum area; nucleus accumbens 
D)  hypothalamus; nucleus accumbens 
A)  nucleus accumbens; cortex 
B)  septum; substantia nigra 
C)  ventral tegmentum area; nucleus accumbens 
D)  hypothalamus; nucleus accumbens

Question 5

The subjective euphoric effects of a drug

Accepted Answer

A)  predict its addictive potential. 
B)  diminish with discontinued drug use. 
C)  increase during abstinence. 
D)  are not a reliable predictor of its abuse potential. 
A)  predict its addictive potential. 
B)  diminish with discontinued drug use. 
C)  increase during abstinence. 
D)  are not a reliable predictor of its abuse potential.

Question 6

Laboratories have demonstrated effective immunization against the effects of ________ in laboratory animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotine 
B)  methamphetamine 
C)  heroin 
D)  All of the above are correct 
A)  nicotine 
B)  methamphetamine 
C)  heroin 
D)  All of the above are correct

Question 7

Which of the following is a consequence of incentive sensitization?

Accepted Answer

A)  A drug produces greater levels of euphoria. 
B)  Drug-associated cues also gain incentive value. 
C)  Tolerance develops more quickly. 
D)  All of the above are correct 
A)  A drug produces greater levels of euphoria. 
B)  Drug-associated cues also gain incentive value. 
C)  Tolerance develops more quickly. 
D)  All of the above are correct

Question 8

Active immunization works by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing cravings for cocaine. 
B)  blocking cocaine at receptor sites. 
C)  attaching an antibody to the cocaine molecule, thus preventing it from crossing the blood brain barrier. 
D)  stimulating the breakdown of cocaine into inactive compounds. 
A)  decreasing cravings for cocaine. 
B)  blocking cocaine at receptor sites. 
C)  attaching an antibody to the cocaine molecule, thus preventing it from crossing the blood brain barrier. 
D)  stimulating the breakdown of cocaine into inactive compounds.

Question 9

The brain's reward pathway most likely evolved

Accepted Answer

A)  as an unnecessary consequence of brain evolution. 
B)  as a mechanism to ensure attention to significant stimuli such as sexual partners and highly caloric foods. 
C)  from more primitive structures that regulated hunger and thirst. 
D)  Both b and c are correct 
A)  as an unnecessary consequence of brain evolution. 
B)  as a mechanism to ensure attention to significant stimuli such as sexual partners and highly caloric foods. 
C)  from more primitive structures that regulated hunger and thirst. 
D)  Both b and c are correct

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for substance dependence disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tolerance to the substance 
B)  A persistent desire to curtail substance use 
C)  The appearance of the substance on a restricted drug list 
D)  Use of the substance in spite of knowledge about problems associated with its use 
A)  Tolerance to the substance 
B)  A persistent desire to curtail substance use 
C)  The appearance of the substance on a restricted drug list 
D)  Use of the substance in spite of knowledge about problems associated with its use

Question 11

All known addictive drugs

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly increase dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system. 
B)  produce euphoria initially. 
C)  maintain self-administration in animals. 
D)  All of the above are correct 
A)  rapidly increase dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system. 
B)  produce euphoria initially. 
C)  maintain self-administration in animals. 
D)  All of the above are correct

Question 12

Evidence has found that ________ and ________ are addictive.

Accepted Answer

A)  video game playing; sex 
B)  gambling; sex 
C)  video game playing; gambling 
D)  None of the above is correct 
A)  video game playing; sex 
B)  gambling; sex 
C)  video game playing; gambling 
D)  None of the above is correct

Question 13

The structures of the reward pathway comprise the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  mesolimbic 
B)  reticular activating 
C)  striatal 
D)  hypothalamic-septal 
A)  mesolimbic 
B)  reticular activating 
C)  striatal 
D)  hypothalamic-septal

Question 14

The psychologists who originally identified structures within the reward pathway were ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner; Miller 
B)  Thorndike; James 
C)  Olds; Milner 
D)  Hebb; Miller 
A)  Skinner; Miller 
B)  Thorndike; James 
C)  Olds; Milner 
D)  Hebb; Miller

Question 15

Which of the following neural adaptations occur as an addiction develops?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased c-FOS activity 
B)  Deactivation of cAMP 
C)  Increased CREB activity 
D)  Both a and c are correct 
A)  Decreased c-FOS activity 
B)  Deactivation of cAMP 
C)  Increased CREB activity 
D)  Both a and c are correct

Question 16

Incentive sensitization is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned change in a drug's value. 
B)  decrease in a drug's ability to produce euphoria. 
C)  increase in the incentive value of a drug. 
D)  drug's potential to increase motor activity. 
A)  conditioned change in a drug's value. 
B)  decrease in a drug's ability to produce euphoria. 
C)  increase in the incentive value of a drug. 
D)  drug's potential to increase motor activity.

Question 17

The mesocortical system originates in the ________ and projects to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia; hypothalamus 
B)  medulla, thalamus 
C)  ventral tegmental area; prefrontal cortex 
D)  septum; striatum 
A)  basal ganglia; hypothalamus 
B)  medulla, thalamus 
C)  ventral tegmental area; prefrontal cortex 
D)  septum; striatum

Question 18

The major neurotransmitter of the reward system is

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  serotoinin. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  serotoinin. 
D)  acetylcholine.

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the reasons why drug treatment often fails?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug-associated cues can themselves reinstate drug cravings after abstinence. 
B)  There is no effective treatment for addiction. 
C)  Addicts fail to comply with treatment program requirements during treatment. 
D)  Addicts merely switch to a different drug. 
A)  Drug-associated cues can themselves reinstate drug cravings after abstinence. 
B)  There is no effective treatment for addiction. 
C)  Addicts fail to comply with treatment program requirements during treatment. 
D)  Addicts merely switch to a different drug.

Question 20

The most recent national surveys on drug abuse estimate that the lifetime prevalence of substance abuse and dependency is approaching ________ percent of the US population.

Accepted Answer

A)  25 
B)  15 
C)  30 
D)  10 
A)  25 
B)  15 
C)  30 
D)  10

The treatment options available today for most drug addicts

The relationship between drug administration rate and c-FOS expression

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding drug addiction?

The medial forebrain bundle is the bundle of axons projecting from the to the .

The subjective euphoric effects of a drug

Laboratories have demonstrated effective immunization against the effects of ________ in laboratory animals.

Which of the following is a consequence of incentive sensitization?

Active immunization works by

The brain's reward pathway most likely evolved

Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for substance dependence disorder?

All known addictive drugs

Evidence has found that and are addictive.

The structures of the reward pathway comprise the ________ system.

The psychologists who originally identified structures within the reward pathway were and .

Which of the following neural adaptations occur as an addiction develops?

Incentive sensitization is a(n)

The mesocortical system originates in the and projects to the .

The major neurotransmitter of the reward system is

Which of the following is one of the reasons why drug treatment often fails?

The most recent national surveys on drug abuse estimate that the lifetime prevalence of substance abuse and dependency is approaching ________ percent of the US population.

Organization and Function of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Mood Disorders: Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders

Anxiety and Stress Related Disorders: Panic, Generalized Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Attention and Developmental Disorders: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Pharmacology of Opiates and Analgesia

The Pharmacology of Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Psychostimulants, Psychedelics, and Marijuana

The Pharmacology of Non Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Alcohol, Nicotine, and Caffeine

Filters

Exam 8: Substance Abuse and the Neurobiology of Addiction, 2nd Edition

The treatment options available today for most drug addicts

The relationship between drug administration rate and c-FOS expression

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding drug addiction?

The medial forebrain bundle is the bundle of axons projecting from the ________ to the ________.

The subjective euphoric effects of a drug

Laboratories have demonstrated effective immunization against the effects of ________ in laboratory animals.

Which of the following is a consequence of incentive sensitization?

Active immunization works by

The brain's reward pathway most likely evolved

Which of the following is NOT one of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for substance dependence disorder?

All known addictive drugs

Evidence has found that ________ and ________ are addictive.

The structures of the reward pathway comprise the ________ system.

The psychologists who originally identified structures within the reward pathway were ________ and ________.

Which of the following neural adaptations occur as an addiction develops?

Incentive sensitization is a(n)

The mesocortical system originates in the ________ and projects to the ________.

The major neurotransmitter of the reward system is

Which of the following is one of the reasons why drug treatment often fails?

The most recent national surveys on drug abuse estimate that the lifetime prevalence of substance abuse and dependency is approaching ________ percent of the US population.

Organization and Function of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Mood Disorders: Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders

Anxiety and Stress Related Disorders: Panic, Generalized Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Attention and Developmental Disorders: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Pharmacology of Opiates and Analgesia

The Pharmacology of Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Psychostimulants, Psychedelics, and Marijuana

The Pharmacology of Non Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Alcohol, Nicotine, and Caffeine

Filters

The medial forebrain bundle is the bundle of axons projecting from the to the .

Evidence has found that and are addictive.

The psychologists who originally identified structures within the reward pathway were and .

The mesocortical system originates in the and projects to the .