Question 1

There are approximately ________ million smokers in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)  29 
B)  46 
C)  35 
D)  53 
A)  29 
B)  46 
C)  35 
D)  53 B

Question 2

Alcohol's antagonism of NMDA receptors contributes to

Accepted Answer

A)  dizziness and loss of motor coordination. 
B)  amnesiac effects on learning and memory. 
C)  blackouts. 
D)  Both b and c are correct 
A)  dizziness and loss of motor coordination. 
B)  amnesiac effects on learning and memory. 
C)  blackouts. 
D)  Both b and c are correct D

Question 3

The ________ and ________ adenosine receptor subtypes are considered most important for understanding caffeine action.

Accepted Answer

A)  A₁ ; A₃ 
B)  A₁; A₂ᴀ 
C)  A₁; A₂ʙ 
D)  A₂ᴀ; A₃ 
A)  A₁ ; A₃ 
B)  A₁; A₂ᴀ 
C)  A₁; A₂ʙ 
D)  A₂ᴀ; A₃ B

Question 4

Which of the following treatments for smoking cessation has NOT been investigated in humans, but seems to work in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zyban 
B)  Chantix 
C)  Nicotine immunization 
D)  None of the above is correct 
A)  Zyban 
B)  Chantix 
C)  Nicotine immunization 
D)  None of the above is correct

Question 5

In the peripheral nervous system, nAChRs are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the hippocampus. 
B)  neuromuscular junctions of voluntary muscles. 
C)  cerebral cortex. 
D)  locus coeruleus. 
A)  the hippocampus. 
B)  neuromuscular junctions of voluntary muscles. 
C)  cerebral cortex. 
D)  locus coeruleus.

Question 6

The drug ________ inhibits the aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolism of acetaldehyde and causes hangover symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A)  haloperidol (Haldol) 
B)  disulfiram (Antabuse) 
C)  tricyclic antidepressants 
D)  naltrexone 
A)  haloperidol (Haldol) 
B)  disulfiram (Antabuse) 
C)  tricyclic antidepressants 
D)  naltrexone

Question 7

Caffeine relieves headache pain by

Accepted Answer

A)  constricting cerebral blood vessels. 
B)  releasing endorphins. 
C)  blocking the release of substance P. 
D)  decreasing blood pressure. 
A)  constricting cerebral blood vessels. 
B)  releasing endorphins. 
C)  blocking the release of substance P. 
D)  decreasing blood pressure.

Question 8

Most nicotine is metabolized by ________ during first-pass metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  CYP2A6 
B)  aldehyde oxidose 
C)  nAChR 
D)  Both a and b are correct 
A)  CYP2A6 
B)  aldehyde oxidose 
C)  nAChR 
D)  Both a and b are correct

Question 9

Adenosine is a

Accepted Answer

A)  byproduct of cellular activity. 
B)  retrograde neuromodulator. 
C)  presynaptic antagonist. 
D)  All of the above are correct 
A)  byproduct of cellular activity. 
B)  retrograde neuromodulator. 
C)  presynaptic antagonist. 
D)  All of the above are correct

Question 10

Caffeine's effects on arousal and cognitive performance are mediated by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing glutamate activity in the cortex by adenosine blockade. 
B)  blocking GABAᴀ receptors. 
C)  increasing 5-HT activity in the raphe nucleus. 
D)  modulating descending neurons from the pontine reticular formation. 
A)  increasing glutamate activity in the cortex by adenosine blockade. 
B)  blocking GABAᴀ receptors. 
C)  increasing 5-HT activity in the raphe nucleus. 
D)  modulating descending neurons from the pontine reticular formation.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes caffeine's effects on people suffering from anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  It serves as an inhibitor and reduces anxiety 
B)  It increases anxiety 
C)  It has little or no effect 
D)  It is therapeutic, but only when combined with other stimulants 
A)  It serves as an inhibitor and reduces anxiety 
B)  It increases anxiety 
C)  It has little or no effect 
D)  It is therapeutic, but only when combined with other stimulants

Question 12

The structural changes to the nicotinic α4β2 receptor that appear to underlie nicotine dependence

Accepted Answer

A)  takes years to occur. 
B)  can occur after smoking one or two cigarettes. 
C)  only occurs in those with a genetic predisposition for these changes. 
D)  is reversed quickly after smoking cessation. 
A)  takes years to occur. 
B)  can occur after smoking one or two cigarettes. 
C)  only occurs in those with a genetic predisposition for these changes. 
D)  is reversed quickly after smoking cessation.

Question 13

Long-term use of caffeine is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  caffeinism. 
B)  an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 
C)  ischemia. 
D)  dependence, but not addiction. 
A)  caffeinism. 
B)  an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 
C)  ischemia. 
D)  dependence, but not addiction.

Question 14

Acute nicotine tolerance appears to result from

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term exposure to nicotine products. 
B)  rapid internalization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 
C)  rapid desensitization of nicotine acetylcholine receptors and the closing of cation channels. 
D)  None of the above is correct 
A)  long-term exposure to nicotine products. 
B)  rapid internalization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 
C)  rapid desensitization of nicotine acetylcholine receptors and the closing of cation channels. 
D)  None of the above is correct

Question 15

The term proof may have originated from

Accepted Answer

A)  tests by British sailors to determine the alcohol content of rum. 
B)  the observation that a combination of rum and gunpowder ignited when the alcohol content was at least 50 percent. 
C)  whiskey-making monks in Ireland during the early 1400s. 
D)  Both a and b are correct 
A)  tests by British sailors to determine the alcohol content of rum. 
B)  the observation that a combination of rum and gunpowder ignited when the alcohol content was at least 50 percent. 
C)  whiskey-making monks in Ireland during the early 1400s. 
D)  Both a and b are correct

Question 16

A major difference between immunotherapy for nicotine dependence and drug treatment for nicotine withdrawal is that immunization

Accepted Answer

A)  only prevents the drug from entering the brain. 
B)  releases dopamine receptors in the frontal cortex. 
C)  alone precipitates withdrawal symptoms. 
D)  Both a and c are correct 
A)  only prevents the drug from entering the brain. 
B)  releases dopamine receptors in the frontal cortex. 
C)  alone precipitates withdrawal symptoms. 
D)  Both a and c are correct

Question 17

The legal limit for alcohol intoxication in most states is ________ percent.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.04 
B)  0.08 
C)  0.10 
D)  0.12 
A)  0.04 
B)  0.08 
C)  0.10 
D)  0.12

Question 18

After caffeine is absorbed, it is

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolized in the liver by P450. 
B)  distributed to the brain. 
C)  metabolized into cotinine. 
D)  None of the above is correct 
A)  metabolized in the liver by P450. 
B)  distributed to the brain. 
C)  metabolized into cotinine. 
D)  None of the above is correct

Question 19

Tolerance to caffeine is believed to be mediated by ________ of ________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  upregulation; GABAᴀ 
B)  downregulation; GABAᴀ 
C)  upregulation; adenosine 
D)  downregulation; adenosine 
A)  upregulation; GABAᴀ 
B)  downregulation; GABAᴀ 
C)  upregulation; adenosine 
D)  downregulation; adenosine

Question 20

The drug of preference in treating symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal is

Accepted Answer

A)  an SSRI antidepressant. 
B)  an antipsychotic. 
C)  a benzodiazepine. 
D)  disulfiram. 
A)  an SSRI antidepressant. 
B)  an antipsychotic. 
C)  a benzodiazepine. 
D)  disulfiram.

There are approximately ________ million smokers in the United States.

Alcohol's antagonism of NMDA receptors contributes to

The and adenosine receptor subtypes are considered most important for understanding caffeine action.

Which of the following treatments for smoking cessation has NOT been investigated in humans, but seems to work in animals?

In the peripheral nervous system, nAChRs are found in

The drug ________ inhibits the aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolism of acetaldehyde and causes hangover symptoms.

Caffeine relieves headache pain by

Most nicotine is metabolized by ________ during first-pass metabolism.

Adenosine is a

Caffeine's effects on arousal and cognitive performance are mediated by

Which of the following best describes caffeine's effects on people suffering from anxiety?

The structural changes to the nicotinic α4β2 receptor that appear to underlie nicotine dependence

Long-term use of caffeine is associated with

Acute nicotine tolerance appears to result from

The term proof may have originated from

A major difference between immunotherapy for nicotine dependence and drug treatment for nicotine withdrawal is that immunization

The legal limit for alcohol intoxication in most states is ________ percent.

After caffeine is absorbed, it is

Tolerance to caffeine is believed to be mediated by of receptors.

The drug of preference in treating symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal is

Organization and Function of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Mood Disorders: Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders

Anxiety and Stress Related Disorders: Panic, Generalized Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Attention and Developmental Disorders: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Pharmacology of Opiates and Analgesia

Substance Abuse and the Neurobiology of Addiction, 2nd Edition

The Pharmacology of Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Psychostimulants, Psychedelics, and Marijuana

Filters

Exam 10: The Pharmacology of Non Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Alcohol, Nicotine, and Caffeine

There are approximately ________ million smokers in the United States.

Alcohol's antagonism of NMDA receptors contributes to

The ________ and ________ adenosine receptor subtypes are considered most important for understanding caffeine action.

Which of the following treatments for smoking cessation has NOT been investigated in humans, but seems to work in animals?

In the peripheral nervous system, nAChRs are found in

The drug ________ inhibits the aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolism of acetaldehyde and causes hangover symptoms.

Caffeine relieves headache pain by

Most nicotine is metabolized by ________ during first-pass metabolism.

Adenosine is a

Caffeine's effects on arousal and cognitive performance are mediated by

Which of the following best describes caffeine's effects on people suffering from anxiety?

The structural changes to the nicotinic α4β2 receptor that appear to underlie nicotine dependence

Long-term use of caffeine is associated with

Acute nicotine tolerance appears to result from

The term proof may have originated from

A major difference between immunotherapy for nicotine dependence and drug treatment for nicotine withdrawal is that immunization

The legal limit for alcohol intoxication in most states is ________ percent.

After caffeine is absorbed, it is

Tolerance to caffeine is believed to be mediated by ________ of ________ receptors.

The drug of preference in treating symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal is

Organization and Function of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Mood Disorders: Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders

Anxiety and Stress Related Disorders: Panic, Generalized Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Psychotic Disorders: Schizophrenia

Attention and Developmental Disorders: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Pharmacology of Opiates and Analgesia

Substance Abuse and the Neurobiology of Addiction, 2nd Edition

The Pharmacology of Scheduled Psychoactive Drugs: Psychostimulants, Psychedelics, and Marijuana

Filters

The and adenosine receptor subtypes are considered most important for understanding caffeine action.

Tolerance to caffeine is believed to be mediated by of receptors.