Exam 1: How Patterns of Thinking Can Obstruct Justice

Indigenous justice processes are what existed before the imposition of Western concepts of justice by colonial powers.

The idea of personal responsibility rules out expecting a person who committed a crime to pay restitution to the person they harmed.

A significant consequence of the government's reliance on a criminal justice policy based on incarceration is that many more people are deterred from committing crimes.

Henry I's legal claim that the king's peace was breached when someone committed a crime meant:

Prior to 1790, prisons were used almost exclusively to hold persons who had been accused of crimes until they were tried or sentenced, or to enforce labor orders.

During what Michael Tonry called the Indeterminate Sentencing period in US policy, the predominant sentencing value was rehabilitation.

Current policies and practice of criminal justice focus almost entirely on the lawbreaker, legal guilt, and punishment. This is because of:

Private prosecution was an innovation promoted in the eighteenth century as a means of giving persons harmed a role in the justice system.

Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and impersonality above all else.

Prisons were adopted in the eighteenth century as a punishment for crime primarily in order to:

Throughout history, most approaches to crime and justice have valued impartiality and impersonality above all else.

The legal systems that form the foundation of Western law viewed crime primarily as:

According to the text, restitution means:

Eight hundred years ago, the ideal juror was not someone who was ignorant of the facts or a stranger to the parties. They were selected because they knew the parties and knew of the dispute.

Copernicus developed the idea of "patterns of thinking."