Question 1

Which of the following statements in relation to the representational redescription model is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The model was proposed by Siegler. 
B)  Development involves a U-shaped performance profile. 
C)  At the implicit level, children can give explanations for their success. 
D)  Children begin life with cognitive modules. 
A)  The model was proposed by Siegler. 
B)  Development involves a U-shaped performance profile. 
C)  At the implicit level, children can give explanations for their success. 
D)  Children begin life with cognitive modules. B

Question 2

A micro-genetic study involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  studying the effects of genetics on cognitive processes. 
B)  a detailed examination of developmental change. 
C)  rejection of Piaget's methodology. 
D)  using video recordings of behaviour. 
A)  studying the effects of genetics on cognitive processes. 
B)  a detailed examination of developmental change. 
C)  rejection of Piaget's methodology. 
D)  using video recordings of behaviour. B

Question 3

Which of these has NOT been put forward as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  He used a cross-sectional design. 
B)  His work was biased towards males. 
C)  He took no account of cross-cultural factors. 
D)  The stories he used could mean different things to different age groups. 
A)  He used a cross-sectional design. 
B)  His work was biased towards males. 
C)  He took no account of cross-cultural factors. 
D)  The stories he used could mean different things to different age groups. A

Question 4

Why was 'naughty teddy' useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helped to made sure children listened to the explanation. 
B)  It gave the children more confidence about their answer. 
C)  It provided children with a reason why the adult asked the same question again. 
D)  It made what the adult was saying a lot clearer. 
A)  It helped to made sure children listened to the explanation. 
B)  It gave the children more confidence about their answer. 
C)  It provided children with a reason why the adult asked the same question again. 
D)  It made what the adult was saying a lot clearer.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes Piaget's idea of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive structures are changed as a result of experience. 
B)  Cognitive structures are changed because of the teaching of adults. 
C)  Genetics plays a major role in the development of cognitive structures. 
D)  Cognitive structures are changed because of a microgenetic process. 
A)  Cognitive structures are changed as a result of experience. 
B)  Cognitive structures are changed because of the teaching of adults. 
C)  Genetics plays a major role in the development of cognitive structures. 
D)  Cognitive structures are changed because of a microgenetic process.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT the type of explanation provided by researchers who believe research about information processing can help us understand cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children get better at chunking information. 
B)  Children's capacity to process information increases. 
C)  Children encode new information. 
D)  Children are taught how to solve problems by adults. 
A)  Children get better at chunking information. 
B)  Children's capacity to process information increases. 
C)  Children encode new information. 
D)  Children are taught how to solve problems by adults.

Question 7

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wood, Bruner & Ross (1976) carried out a study of scaffolding. 
B)  Scaffolding can be related to Vygotsky's theory about development. 
C)  Findings about scaffolding create problems for ideas about the ZPD. 
D)  Scaffolding can involve modelling. 
A)  Wood, Bruner & Ross (1976) carried out a study of scaffolding. 
B)  Scaffolding can be related to Vygotsky's theory about development. 
C)  Findings about scaffolding create problems for ideas about the ZPD. 
D)  Scaffolding can involve modelling.

Question 8

Cross-modal integration was studied by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Metzoff and Borton 
B)  Slater 
C)  Baillargeon 
D)  Spelke 
A)  Metzoff and Borton 
B)  Slater 
C)  Baillargeon 
D)  Spelke

Question 9

The A not B error involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  believing that objects cease to exist when they no longer can be seen. 
B)  putting a ball in the wrong container. 
C)  failing to reach for an object when it is covered with a cloth. 
D)  searching for an object at the place where it had previously disappeared, not where it last disappeared. 
A)  believing that objects cease to exist when they no longer can be seen. 
B)  putting a ball in the wrong container. 
C)  failing to reach for an object when it is covered with a cloth. 
D)  searching for an object at the place where it had previously disappeared, not where it last disappeared.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a term used by Rogoff when discussing guided participation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community plane 
B)  Interpersonal plane 
C)  Personal plane 
D)  Objective plane 
A)  Community plane 
B)  Interpersonal plane 
C)  Personal plane 
D)  Objective plane

Question 11

At what age do secondary circular reactions occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-4 months. 
B)  4-9 months. 
C)  9-12 months 
D)  12-18 months. 
A)  1-4 months. 
B)  4-9 months. 
C)  9-12 months 
D)  12-18 months.

Question 12

Gibson's views about perception:

Accepted Answer

A)  were the same as Piaget's. 
B)  involved learning through reinforcement. 
C)  emphasized the role of innate processes. 
D)  were that this developed through a series of stages. 
A)  were the same as Piaget's. 
B)  involved learning through reinforcement. 
C)  emphasized the role of innate processes. 
D)  were that this developed through a series of stages.

Question 13

According to the representational redescription model, what is the difference between children at an implicit level and children at an explicit level?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are much worse at solving a problem. 
B)  They take longer to solve a problem. 
C)  They are less talkative. 
D)  Children at the implicit level find it difficult to explain their own success. 
A)  They are much worse at solving a problem. 
B)  They take longer to solve a problem. 
C)  They are less talkative. 
D)  Children at the implicit level find it difficult to explain their own success.

Question 14

What is moral realism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding that there are both good and bad people. 
B)  Understanding that bad behaviour is usually punished. 
C)  Believing that punishment should be related to the amount of damage that has been done. 
D)  Believing that rules are not always right. 
A)  Understanding that there are both good and bad people. 
B)  Understanding that bad behaviour is usually punished. 
C)  Believing that punishment should be related to the amount of damage that has been done. 
D)  Believing that rules are not always right.

Question 15

The work of Chi showed that children can be better than students at remembering where chess pieces are placed on a chess board when:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are more intelligent. 
B)  they are better at playing chess than the adults. 
C)  they have been given a special training programme. 
D)  the students have been drinking the night before the test was given. 
A)  they are more intelligent. 
B)  they are better at playing chess than the adults. 
C)  they have been given a special training programme. 
D)  the students have been drinking the night before the test was given.

Question 16

Piaget used the term 'accommodation' to mean:

Accepted Answer

A)  the changes to cognitive structures because of new information. 
B)  responding to information using existing ways of thinking. 
C)  children's ability to build on the thinking of others. 
D)  achieving a balance between understanding and experience. 
A)  the changes to cognitive structures because of new information. 
B)  responding to information using existing ways of thinking. 
C)  children's ability to build on the thinking of others. 
D)  achieving a balance between understanding and experience.

Question 17

The last stage of development identified by Piaget is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operations. 
B)  operational. 
C)  formal operations. 
D)  logical operations. 
A)  concrete operations. 
B)  operational. 
C)  formal operations. 
D)  logical operations.

Question 18

Heteronomous morality refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  acting to meet one's own interests and needs. 
B)  adherence to rules backed by punishment. 
C)  fulfilling the actual duties to which one has agreed. 
D)  universal ethical principles. 
A)  acting to meet one's own interests and needs. 
B)  adherence to rules backed by punishment. 
C)  fulfilling the actual duties to which one has agreed. 
D)  universal ethical principles.

Question 19

Baillargon carried out a study where:

Accepted Answer

A)  infants were tested on cross-modal perception. 
B)  size constancy was investigated. 
C)  a ball rolled down a slope. 
D)  a screen appeared to fall on a cube. 
A)  infants were tested on cross-modal perception. 
B)  size constancy was investigated. 
C)  a ball rolled down a slope. 
D)  a screen appeared to fall on a cube.

Exam 17: Cognitive Development: Thinking, Information and Representations

Which of the following statements in relation to the representational redescription model is correct?

A micro-genetic study involves:

Which of these has NOT been put forward as a criticism of Kohlberg's theory?

Why was 'naughty teddy' useful?

Which of the following best describes Piaget's idea of cognitive development?

Which of the following is NOT the type of explanation provided by researchers who believe research about information processing can help us understand cognitive development?

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about scaffolding?

Cross-modal integration was studied by:

The A not B error involves:

Which of the following is NOT a term used by Rogoff when discussing guided participation?

At what age do secondary circular reactions occur?

Gibson's views about perception:

According to the representational redescription model, what is the difference between children at an implicit level and children at an explicit level?

What is moral realism?

The work of Chi showed that children can be better than students at remembering where chess pieces are placed on a chess board when:

Piaget used the term 'accommodation' to mean:

The last stage of development identified by Piaget is called:

Heteronomous morality refers to:

Baillargon carried out a study where:

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