Chat with AIExam 1: Introduction to Statistical Analysis
We are interested in the relationship between "number of hours watching TV" and "criminal behavior." Indicate which variable is independent and which variable is dependent. Explain.
(41) 
VerifiedThe IV is "number of hours watching TV" and the DV is "criminal behavior." We assume that the hours an individual is watching TV is somehow impacting one's decision to engage in criminal behavior. We do not expect that criminal behavior has a direct influence on the amount of TV watched by an individual in this example.
We want to examine whether one's "gender" (male/female/transgender) is somehow related to "attitudes toward the criminal justice system." Indicate which variable is independent and which variable is dependent. Explain.
(38) VerifiedThe IV is "gender" and the DV is "attitudes toward the criminal justice system." In this case the distinction is rather easy because we can be rather certain that "attitudes toward the criminal justice system" has no influence on one's gender. Thus, we want to find whether gender has an impact on the DV.
What is the difference between nominal- and ordinal-level variables? Provide an example for both.
(36) VerifiedBoth levels of measurement are categorical. However, unlike nominal level variables (e.g. gender-there is no such thing as more or less gender), ordinal level variables can be rank ordered (e.g., low-risk offender, medium-risk offender, high-risk offender).
Finally, you want to examine whether there is a relationship between "traffic stops" and "race/ethnicity." Indicate which variable is independent and which variable is dependent. Explain.
(35) Indicate the level of measurement for the following:
a. Gender.
b. IQ score.
c. Level of education (some high school, high school graduate, some college/university, Bachelor's degree, Master's Degree, PhD).
d. Temperature.
e. Country of origin.
f. Age (1, 2, 3, . . . , 99, . . .).
g. Age (0-18; 19-28; 29-38; 39-48).
h. Eye color.
i. Number of times arrested.
j. Income.
(39) What do we call a variable that has an impact on the outcome of another variable?
(34) What is the difference between interval- and ratio-level variables? Provide an example for both.
(36) What are we referring to if we ask, "Are we measuring what we intend to measure?"
(40) You conducted a survey on citizen's satisfaction with the local police utilizing a random sample of residents. To measure citizen's satisfaction you utilized a scale between 1 and 15 (15 indicating the highest level of satisfaction). Indicate the level of measurement and explain.
(27) We are also eager to find whether there is a relationship between a "problematic drug habit" and "incarceration." Indicate which variable is independent and which variable is dependent. Explain.
(36) Why is it important, even crucial, to know what the levels of measurement for each of the variables in any study are?
(40) If we utilize even the most sophisticated statistical tests, can we ever be 100% certain that our results reflect reality?
Yes or no? Why or why not?
(41) 
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