Exam 4: Representing Arguments in Standard Form

Identify the best standard-form representation of the argument in the passage: The passage: "If something doesn't care about its own interests, then there is no Reason for the rest of us to extend it moral consideration. So, non-conscious organisms (such as plants, mushrooms, microbes, and oysters) don't deserve our moral consideration, since they don't care about their own interests."

Identify the best standard-form representation of the argument in the passage: The passage: "A being has moral rights only if it makes sense to hold it accountable for its choices and praise or blame it, in moral terms, for those choices. Thus, non-human animals do not have moral rights, since it makes no sense to hold them morally accountable for the things they do."

Identify the best standard-form representation of the argument in the passage: The passage: If something exhibits goal-directed behaviors, then it is possible to benefit or harm it. And, if it is possible to benefit or harm something, then its interests deserve moral consideration. Furthermore, all living things exhibit goal-directed behavior. (Every living thing strives, grows, procreates, and so on. All of these count as goal-directed behaviors.) That's why all living things deserve moral consideration