Question 1

Which of the following enzymes is used to create AP sites?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase 
B)  helicase 
C)  ligase 
D)  glycosylase 
A)  primase 
B)  helicase 
C)  ligase 
D)  glycosylase

Question 2

At the replisome of prokaryotic replication

Accepted Answer

A)  there are only two DNA Polymerase III molecules 
B)  There are multiple copies of DNA Polymerase I 
C)  Two molecules of Polymerase III are dedicated to lagging strand synthesis while one is dedicated to leading strand synthesis 
D)  none of these 
A)  there are only two DNA Polymerase III molecules 
B)  There are multiple copies of DNA Polymerase I 
C)  Two molecules of Polymerase III are dedicated to lagging strand synthesis while one is dedicated to leading strand synthesis 
D)  none of these

Question 3

DNA polymerase III from E. coli

Accepted Answer

A)  is a large, multisubunit protein 
B)  has a sliding clamp portion that anchors it to DNA 
C)  has a polymerization site separate from the DNA binding site 
D)  all of these 
A)  is a large, multisubunit protein 
B)  has a sliding clamp portion that anchors it to DNA 
C)  has a polymerization site separate from the DNA binding site 
D)  all of these

Question 4

What is the requirement for a template strand in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  It serves as a guide in determining the next nucleotide to be added according to the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme. 
B)  It serves as the start point for the new DNA strand. 
C)  It allows the DNA polymerase to move along it easily. 
D)  It is a substrate for the 3'−5' exonuclease activity. 
A)  It serves as a guide in determining the next nucleotide to be added according to the Watson-Crick base pairing scheme. 
B)  It serves as the start point for the new DNA strand. 
C)  It allows the DNA polymerase to move along it easily. 
D)  It is a substrate for the 3'−5' exonuclease activity.

Question 5

Since DNA Polymerase II has endonuclease activity, it is able to proofread its product when it is used in DNA repair.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How do the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Okazaki fragments are much longer in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
B)  The Okazaki fragments are much shorter in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
C)  The Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes are on the leading strand, rather than the lagging strand. 
D)  There is little to no difference between the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 
A)  The Okazaki fragments are much longer in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
B)  The Okazaki fragments are much shorter in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
C)  The Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes are on the leading strand, rather than the lagging strand. 
D)  There is little to no difference between the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Question 7

The duplication process of DNA is called

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  nucleation. 
A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  nucleation.

Question 8

The flow of genetic information is RNA → DNA in

Accepted Answer

A)  all organisms. 
B)  all prokaryotes. 
C)  retroviruses. 
D)  no known organisms. 
A)  all organisms. 
B)  all prokaryotes. 
C)  retroviruses. 
D)  no known organisms.

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms allow repair enzymes to distinguish incorrect bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The newly synthesized strand of DNA lacks methylated bases and other modifications. 
B)  Deamination of A and C lead to improper bases for DNA. 
C)  Thymine dimers and other cross links kink the DNA and are easy to find. 
D)  All of these mechanisms allow repair enzymes to distinguish which base is incorrect. 
A)  The newly synthesized strand of DNA lacks methylated bases and other modifications. 
B)  Deamination of A and C lead to improper bases for DNA. 
C)  Thymine dimers and other cross links kink the DNA and are easy to find. 
D)  All of these mechanisms allow repair enzymes to distinguish which base is incorrect.

Question 10

What is the need for a primer strand in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  it ensures the fidelity of the newly synthesized DNA strand 
B)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 3'−OH 
C)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 5'−OH 
D)  it ensures the integrity of the new DNA 
A)  it ensures the fidelity of the newly synthesized DNA strand 
B)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 3'−OH 
C)  the DNA polymerases require a preexisting strand with a nucleotide having a 5'−OH 
D)  it ensures the integrity of the new DNA

Question 11

Which of the following describes a difference between DNA polymerases in eukaryotes and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some eukaryotic polymerases include a primase. 
B)  All the eukaryotic enzymes are polymeric. 
C)  Eukaryotes require a special enzyme to remove the RNA primer. 
D)  Some eukaryotic polymerases include a primase and all are polymeric. 
E)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Some eukaryotic polymerases include a primase. 
B)  All the eukaryotic enzymes are polymeric. 
C)  Eukaryotes require a special enzyme to remove the RNA primer. 
D)  Some eukaryotic polymerases include a primase and all are polymeric. 
E)  All of these are correct.

Question 12

Eukaryotes need more types of DNA polymerases than bacteria because

Accepted Answer

A)  the DNA-containing organelles have their own DNA polymerases. 
B)  they have linear DNA , which is harder to replicate than circular DNA. 
C)  because they have more kinds of bases in their DNA than the four used by prokaryotes. 
D)  That's not true; eukaryotes do not have more types of DNA polymerases. 
A)  the DNA-containing organelles have their own DNA polymerases. 
B)  they have linear DNA , which is harder to replicate than circular DNA. 
C)  because they have more kinds of bases in their DNA than the four used by prokaryotes. 
D)  That's not true; eukaryotes do not have more types of DNA polymerases.

Question 13

In E. coli,

Accepted Answer

A)  the leading strand is synthesized in one piece while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. 
B)  the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in one piece. 
C)  both the leading and lagging strands are synthesized in one piece. 
D)  both the leading and lagging strands are synthesized discontinuously. 
A)  the leading strand is synthesized in one piece while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously. 
B)  the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in one piece. 
C)  both the leading and lagging strands are synthesized in one piece. 
D)  both the leading and lagging strands are synthesized discontinuously.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication in a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replication begins at a unique site and proceeds in one direction all the way around a typically circular chromosome. 
B)  Replication begins at a unique site and proceeds in two directions, meeting about halfway around a typically circular chromosome. 
C)  Replication begins at multiple sites, spreading outward until the entire typically circular chromosome is replicated. 
D)  Replication begins at multiple sites, spreading outward until the entire typically linear chromosome is replicated. 
A)  Replication begins at a unique site and proceeds in one direction all the way around a typically circular chromosome. 
B)  Replication begins at a unique site and proceeds in two directions, meeting about halfway around a typically circular chromosome. 
C)  Replication begins at multiple sites, spreading outward until the entire typically circular chromosome is replicated. 
D)  Replication begins at multiple sites, spreading outward until the entire typically linear chromosome is replicated.

Question 15

In prokaryotic replication, all DNA polymerases are capable of all of the following tasks except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reading a template strand and putting the complementary base in the correct position 
B)  Polymerizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
C)  Excising DNA in the 3' to 5' direction 
D)  Excising DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
E)  All of these are capabilities of all DNA polymerases 
A)  Reading a template strand and putting the complementary base in the correct position 
B)  Polymerizing DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
C)  Excising DNA in the 3' to 5' direction 
D)  Excising DNA in the 5' to 3' direction 
E)  All of these are capabilities of all DNA polymerases

Question 16

DNA is synthesized from the 3' end to the 5' end in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replication of DNA 
B)  Replication of RNA 
C)  Transcription of RNA from DNA 
D)  none of these 
A)  Replication of DNA 
B)  Replication of RNA 
C)  Transcription of RNA from DNA 
D)  none of these

Question 17

Telomerase activity may decline with old age and this could explain why cells lose their ability to divide after many replications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The DNA polymerases in eukaryotes have similar functions to those found in bacteria, but they are not identical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The production of RNA on a DNA template is called

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  nucleation. 
A)  replication. 
B)  transcription. 
C)  translation. 
D)  nucleation.

Question 20

Eukaryotic DNA polymerases differ from those of prokaryotes in that

Accepted Answer

A)  they do not require a primer 
B)  they do not always have exonuclease activity 
C)  there is no equivalent to the sliding clamp in prokaryotic replication 
D)  they produce longer Okazaki fragments 
A)  they do not require a primer 
B)  they do not always have exonuclease activity 
C)  there is no equivalent to the sliding clamp in prokaryotic replication 
D)  they produce longer Okazaki fragments

Exam 10: Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Which of the following enzymes is used to create AP sites?

At the replisome of prokaryotic replication

DNA polymerase III from E. coli

What is the requirement for a template strand in DNA replication?

Since DNA Polymerase II has endonuclease activity, it is able to proofread its product when it is used in DNA repair.

How do the Okazaki fragments of eukaryotes and prokaryotes compare?

The duplication process of DNA is called

The flow of genetic information is RNA → DNA in

Which of the following mechanisms allow repair enzymes to distinguish incorrect bases in DNA?

What is the need for a primer strand in DNA replication?

Which of the following describes a difference between DNA polymerases in eukaryotes and bacteria?

Eukaryotes need more types of DNA polymerases than bacteria because

In E. coli,

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication in a prokaryote?

In prokaryotic replication, all DNA polymerases are capable of all of the following tasks except:

DNA is synthesized from the 3' end to the 5' end in which of the following processes?

Telomerase activity may decline with old age and this could explain why cells lose their ability to divide after many replications.

The DNA polymerases in eukaryotes have similar functions to those found in bacteria, but they are not identical.

The production of RNA on a DNA template is called

Eukaryotic DNA polymerases differ from those of prokaryotes in that

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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